General Knowledge MCQs
Topic Notes: General Knowledge
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
20851
The elite infantry units of the Ottoman army were known as:
Answer:
Janissaries
The Janissaries were the Sultan's household troops and bodyguards, forming the first modern standing army in Europe.
20852
Under which Sultan did the Ottoman Empire reach its peak in power and territory?
Answer:
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman I (the Magnificent/Lawgiver) ruled from 1520 to 1566, marking the zenith of Ottoman military, political, and economic power.
20853
The Ottomans officially claimed the title of Caliph after the conquest of Egypt in 1517 under:
Answer:
Selim I
Sultan Selim I conquered the Mamluk Sultanate (Egypt/Syria/Hejaz) in 1517 and assumed the title of Caliph, bringing the sacred relics to Istanbul.
20854
Which Ottoman Sultan conquered Constantinople in 1453?
Answer:
Mehmed II (The Conqueror)
Mehmed II (Fatih Sultan Mehmed) conquered Constantinople at the age of 21, ending the Byzantine Empire.
20855
Who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire?
Answer:
Osman I
Osman I (Osman Gazi) founded the Ottoman beylik in Anatolia around 1299, which grew into the Ottoman Empire.
20856
After the fall of Baghdad, the Abbasid Caliphate continued as a ceremonial figurehead under the protection of the Mamluks in:
Answer:
Cairo
The Mamluks of Egypt installed an Abbasid survivor as a puppet Caliph in Cairo to legitimize their rule until 1517.
20857
The Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad was destroyed in 1258 by:
Answer:
The Mongols
Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, sacked Baghdad in 1258, executing the last Abbasid Caliph Al-Musta'sim.
20858
Who ended the Fatimid Caliphate and restored Sunni rule in Egypt?
Answer:
Salahuddin Ayyubi (Saladin)
Salahuddin Ayyubi, originally a vizier to the Fatimids, abolished the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 and pledged allegiance to the Abbasids.
20859
The Al-Azhar University in Cairo was established by:
Answer:
The Fatimids
Al-Azhar was founded by the Fatimids in 970 CE as a center for Islamic learning.
20860
Which city was founded by the Fatimids to serve as their capital?
Answer:
Cairo (Al-Qahira)
The Fatimids founded Cairo in 969 CE to be the capital of their Caliphate.