Rule: Vocabulary in Context. The sentence requires a verb that means to scold or reprimand, given the context of 'lack of preparation'. 'Admonished' means to warn or reprimand someone firmly. Option (a) 'complemented' means to add to something in a way that enhances it. Option (b) 'complimented' means to praise. Option (d) 'applauded' means to show approval. These options are antonyms of what is required by the sentence's context.

Rule: Correlative Conjunctions. The phrase 'not only' must be paired with 'but also' to form a standard correlative conjunction. This structure is used to connect two related pieces of information. 'Not only... but also...' is a fixed pair. Option (b) 'as well' would require different sentence construction (e.g., 'She is a talented singer and an accomplished dancer as well.'). Option (c) 'and' is too simple and doesn't complete the 'not only' structure. Option (d) 'but' is incomplete without 'also'.

Rule: Phrasal Verbs. This question tests the meaning of different phrasal verbs with 'put'. The correct answer is 'put off', which means to postpone or delay. Option (a) 'put on' means to wear something or to stage an event. Option (c) 'put up' can mean to erect something or to provide accommodation. Option (d) 'put in' means to submit or install something. In the context of delaying a meeting, 'put off' is the only suitable choice.

Rule: Third Conditional Sentences. This question tests the structure of the third conditional, which is used for hypothetical situations in the past. The structure is 'Had + subject + past participle, subject + would have + past participle'. The first clause 'Had I known...' sets up the past hypothetical condition. The main clause must follow the structure 'would have + past participle' to describe the imagined past result. Option (b) 'would take' is used in the second conditional for present/future hypotheticals. Option (c) 'will take' is for future intentions. Option (d) 'took' is simple past and doesn't fit the conditional structure.

Rule: Prepositional Collocation. The adjective 'conducive' is always followed by the preposition 'to'. This is a fixed grammatical collocation. Therefore, 'conducive to' is the only correct phrasing. Options (a) 'for', (c) 'with', and (d) 'in' are grammatically incorrect pairings with the word 'conducive'.

Rule: Simple Past Tense for Completed Actions. This rule is used for actions that started and finished at a specific time in the past. The sentence describes a completed event (finishing the project). 'Managed' correctly places this action in the past. Option (b) 'had managed' is the past perfect tense, which is incorrect as it would require another past action to relate to (e.g., 'By the time the supervisor checked, the team had managed...'). Option (c) 'was managing' is the past continuous tense, suggesting an ongoing action in the past, which doesn't fit the context of a completed project. Option (d) 'manages' is in the simple present tense, which is incorrect for a past event.

For interrogative sentences starting with "Who", the passive form begins with **"By whom"**. The active sentence is in the **Simple Past Tense**. The passive structure for a question is **Wh-word + was/were + Object + Past Participle (V3) + ?**. Thus, "By whom was this article written?" is the correct form. Option (b) is incorrect as "who" is the subjective case. Options (c) and (d) are grammatically awkward and less standard.

The sentence is in the **Present Continuous Tense**. The passive structure is **Object + is/am/are + being + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject**. The object "a new bridge" is singular, so we use "is". The past participle of "build" is "built". Thus, "A new bridge is being built..." is correct.

The active sentence is in the **Present Perfect Tense**. The object is "me," which becomes "I" in the passive voice. The passive structure is **Object + have/has + been + Past Participle (V3)**. The agent "by them" is often omitted when it is clear or unimportant. Option (d) is the most common and natural passive form. Option (a) is also grammatically correct.

This is a **yes/no question** in the **Simple Past Tense**. The passive structure for such a question is **Was/Were + Object + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject + ?**. "Her duty" is the object. Thus, "Was her duty done by her?" is the correct form. The other options use incorrect auxiliary verbs and tenses.