General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
91
What is the term for the amount of energy the body needs to maintain basic physiological functions while at rest?
Answer:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
BMR represents the minimum number of calories required for vital functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production while the body is in a post-absorptive, resting state.
92
Which of the following fats is considered the most harmful to cardiovascular health?
Answer:
Trans fats
Trans fats, often found in partially hydrogenated oils, are known to both raise LDL (bad) cholesterol and lower HDL (good) cholesterol, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease compared to other fats.
93
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is unique because it can be produced endogenously. When UVB rays strike the skin, they trigger the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).
94
Which mineral is a core component of the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells?
Answer:
Iron
Iron is the central atom in the heme group of hemoglobin. It is responsible for binding to oxygen in the lungs and releasing it to the tissues throughout the body.
95
A deficiency in Niacin (Vitamin B3) leads to which clinical condition characterized by the '4 Ds'?
Answer:
Pellagra
Pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency. Its hallmark symptoms are the '4 Ds': Dermatitis (scaly skin), Diarrhea, Dementia, and eventually Death if left untreated.
96
What is the main storage form of glucose in the human liver and muscles?
Answer:
Glycogen
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage. When blood sugar levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose to maintain homeostasis.
97
Which vitamin requires 'Intrinsic Factor,' secreted by the stomach, for its absorption in the small intestine?
Answer:
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) must bind to intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells in the stomach. The B12-intrinsic factor complex is then absorbed in the terminal ileum of the small intestine.
98
Scurvy is caused by a severe and prolonged deficiency of which nutrient?
Answer:
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, the primary structural protein in connective tissues. Deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by weakening of blood vessels, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing.
99
Which type of dietary fiber is known for its ability to help lower blood cholesterol levels?
Answer:
Soluble fiber
Soluble fiber, found in foods like oats, beans, and apples, dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance. It binds to bile acids (which contain cholesterol) in the digestive tract, facilitating their excretion and forcing the liver to use blood cholesterol to make more bile.
100
The 'DASH' diet is specifically designed to help manage which medical condition?
Answer:
Hypertension
DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. This eating plan emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting sodium, red meat, and added sugars to lower blood pressure.