**Rule:** Verbs expressing hopes, expectations, and beliefs are often followed by the Simple Future Tense ('will' + base verb) to talk about predictions. The verb 'hopes' indicates a prediction about the future. Option (d) 'is going to have' is also possible for predictions but 'will' is very common after verbs like 'hope', 'think', 'believe'. Option (a) 'is having' is present continuous. Option (c) 'has' is simple present.

**Rule:** This sentence describes a sequence of future actions. The Simple Future ('will prepare') is appropriate for the main action. The time clause ('before he starts cooking') correctly uses the simple present. Option (a) 'will have prepared' would imply that the preparation is finished long before, which is not necessarily the case.

**Rule:** 'Will' is used to express a strong belief or prediction about the future, often based on opinion. The phrase 'I am confident' indicates such a belief. While 'is going to win' (option c) is also possible if there's evidence, 'will' is the classic choice for expressing personal confidence. Options (a) and (b) are incorrect.

**Rule:** The Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle) is used to mark the completion of a duration ('for 20 years') by a specific future point ('This time next week'). It focuses on the milestone of the 20-year duration being completed. Option (a) simply states their marital status at that future time.

**Rule:** The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (will have been + verb-ing) is used to emphasize the duration ('for a decade') of an action up to a specific point in the future ('by the time he leaves next year'). This tense perfectly captures the length of his employment up to his departure.

**Rule:** The passive voice structure 'is expected to' is commonly used for formal predictions and projections based on data or expert opinion. The population is the receiver of the expectation. Option (b) is active voice and incorrect because the population itself does not expect. Option (c) is future perfect continuous. Option (d) is grammatically awkward.

**Rule:** The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (will have been + verb-ing) is used to emphasize the duration ('for seven years') of a continuous state or action up to a specific point in the future ('By the time he graduates').

**Rule:** The Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle) is used to express that an action will be completed by a specific future deadline. 'By next Friday' is the deadline by which the action of grading will be finished. Option (d) implies the work will be in progress on Friday, not necessarily finished.

**Rule:** The negative form of the Future Perfect Tense (will not have + past participle) is used to state that an action will not be completed by a specific future time. The speaker predicts the renovation will still be incomplete at the future point 'by the time we move in'. Option (d) is also possible but (b) better emphasizes the state of incompletion at a deadline.

**Rule:** The Simple Future with 'will' is used here to make a promise or state an intention that is conditional on another event. The time clause 'as soon as I finish mine' uses the simple present, and the main clause correctly uses 'will help' to describe the resulting action. Option (d) is possible but 'will' is very common in this structure.