The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam MCQs
Topic Notes: The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
141
The judge said to the accused, “Tell me the truth.”
Answer:
The judge asked the accused to tell him the truth.
Imperative → asked/ordered + object + to-infinitive. Pronoun shift me → him**.
142
Sara said to me, “I have been waiting here for two hours.”
Answer:
Sara told me that she had been waiting there for two hours.
Present perfect continuous → past perfect continuous (have been waiting → had been waiting). Here → there**.
143
The officer said, “We have completed the task successfully.”
Answer:
The officer said that they had completed the task successfully.
Present perfect → past perfect (have completed → had completed**).
144
The mother said to her son, “Why are you late today?”
Answer:
The mother asked her son why he was late that day.
Wh-question → asked + object + wh-clause. Are → was, today → that day**, pronoun shift.
145
Hassan said, “What a wonderful speech it is!”
Answer:
Hassan exclaimed that it was a wonderful speech.
Exclamatory → exclaimed that + it was…**; backshift present → past.
146
The teacher said to us, “The earth moves around the sun.”
Answer:
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
Universal truths remain in present tense in reported speech (moves** unchanged). Rule: no tense shift for general facts.
147
Zoya said, “I cannot solve this problem.”
Answer:
Zoya said that she could not solve that problem.
Cannot → could not; this → that**. Maintain infinitive “solve”.
148
The manager said, “Finish this work before you leave.”
Answer:
The manager ordered them to finish that work before they left.
Imperative → ordered/told + object + to-infinitive. This → that; you leave → they left**.
149
She said, “We have never visited Makkah before.”
Answer:
She said that they had never visited Makkah before.
Present perfect → past perfect (have visited → had visited). Pronoun shift we → they**.
150
The policeman said to the driver, “Show me your license.”
Answer:
The policeman ordered the driver to show him his license.
Imperative in reported → ordered/told + object + to-infinitive. Pronoun shift me → him, your → his**.