The Divine Origin Theory is historically regarded as the oldest theory of the state's origin. It posits that the state was created by God and that the ruler is a divine representative on earth, accountable only to God. This theory was prevalent in ancient civilizations to justify the absolute authority of monarchs.

David George Ritchie, in his work 'Natural Rights', argued that rights are not inherent or abstract but are the product of historical development and social customs. He posited that rights are recognized by society through long-standing practices, rejecting the idea of pre-social natural rights. This perspective aligns with the historical theory of rights, which emphasizes that legal and social entitlements emerge from the collective experience and evolution of human communities over time.

The Divine Origin theory posits that the state is a direct creation of God. Under this view, the ruler is considered a representative of divine authority, and disobedience to the state is equated with disobedience to God. This theory was historically used to justify absolute monarchies and the unquestionable authority of rulers, asserting that political power is divinely ordained rather than humanly constructed.

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jeremy Bentham are key figures who viewed the state not as a natural or divine entity, but as a construct created by human beings to serve specific purposes, such as security, the protection of property, or the promotion of utility.

The Mandan theory, often associated with early anthropological observations, is criticized for its deterministic view that the state is the absolute prerequisite for civilization. Critics argue this ignores historical evidence of complex societies that functioned without a formal state apparatus, thereby misrepresenting the evolutionary trajectory of human governance.

The Theory of Divine Origin is one of the oldest theories regarding the state. It suggests that the state is a divine institution and that the ruler is a representative of God on earth, making disobedience to the ruler a sin against the divine order. This theory was historically used to justify absolute monarchies.

Herbert Spencer was a prominent proponent of the organic theory of the state. He drew detailed analogies between the biological evolution of organisms and the development of social structures. Spencer argued that society, like a living body, grows in complexity and differentiation over time, with various institutions functioning like organs to maintain the health and survival of the whole social organism.

Sir Henry Maine is the most notable proponent of the Patriarchal theory, which he articulated in his work 'Ancient Law'. He argued that the state evolved from the patriarchal family, where the eldest male was the supreme authority. Maine suggested that the transition from 'status to contract' was a defining feature of the evolution of legal and political systems from these early family units.

Anarchists generally view the state as an inherently oppressive and unnecessary institution that restricts human freedom. While some classical liberal individualists might view the state as a 'necessary evil' to protect property and life, in the context of political theory classifications, anarchism is the primary ideology that rejects the state's legitimacy entirely, often labeling it as an evil that should be abolished.

Anarchism is a political philosophy that views the state as inherently oppressive and illegitimate. Anarchists argue that state authority is fundamentally coercive and prone to abuse, regardless of the intentions of those in power. They advocate for the abolition of the state in favor of self-governed, voluntary associations, believing that centralized power inevitably leads to the exploitation of individuals.