Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
181
The cult of Mother Goddess worship is most closely associated with which civilization?
Answer:
Indus Valley Civilization
The discovery of numerous terracotta female figurines suggests that Mother Goddess worship was widespread in the Indus Valley Civilization. These figures often feature elaborate headgear and jewelry.
182
In which year was the Harappan Civilization formally discovered through excavation?
Answer:
1921
The excavation that led to the formal identification of the civilization began in 1921 at Harappa. This work was led by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni under the direction of Sir John Marshall.
183
In which modern-day country is the Indus Valley site of Shortugai located?
Answer:
Afghanistan
Shortugai was a trading outpost of the Indus Valley Civilization located in northern Afghanistan. It was established near the Oxus River, primarily to access lapis lazuli mines in the region.
184
Who is credited with the very first discovery of Harappan artifacts, specifically seals, in the 19th century?
Answer:
A. Cunningham
Sir Alexander Cunningham, a British archaeologist, discovered Harappan seals during excavations in 1872. However, the full significance of the civilization was not realized until the 1920s.
185
Which archaeologist is specifically associated with the detailed study and excavation of the Harappan Civilization, particularly Mohenjo-daro?
Answer:
M.S. Vats
Pandit Madho Sarup Vats was a key figure in the excavation of Mohenjo-daro, supervising work there from 1924. He later served as the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India.
186
Which Harappan site is famous for housing an artificial dockyard?
Answer:
Lothal
Lothal, located in Gujarat, features the world's earliest known artificial dock. It connected the city to the Sabarmati river, serving as a vital trade port for commerce with the Arabian Sea region.
187
Which animal is not depicted in the terracotta figurines discovered at Indus Valley sites?
Answer:
Cow
While bulls are frequently depicted on seals and in terracotta, the cow is notably absent from Indus Valley art. The cow became a prominent symbol of sanctity later during the Vedic culture.
188
What was the primary characteristic of the Harappan economy?
Answer:
Urban
The Harappan economy is characterized as urban because its major centers were sophisticated cities supported by trade and craft. While agriculture was the backbone, the civilization is defined by its urbanization and external trade networks.
189
Which of these deities or figures was not part of the religious worship in the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
Trimurti
The concept of the Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh) is a later development in Hinduism. The Indus people worshipped the Mother Goddess, a Proto-Shiva (Pashupati), and elements of nature like trees and animals.
190
Which distinct metal was notably absent from the archaeological findings of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Iron
The Harappan people utilized gold, silver, and copper extensively, but they did not have knowledge of iron. The Iron Age in the Indian subcontinent began much later, during the Vedic period.