The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers. Since the treaty is explicitly named in option C, the provided answer 'D' is factually incorrect. The treaty forced Russia to cede significant territories, including the Baltic states and parts of Ukraine, to exit World War I.

The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). The provided answer 'A' (Greece) is incorrect because Greece was the beneficiary of the conflict, as the war helped secure Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire. Russia acted as a protector of Orthodox Christians in the region against Ottoman rule.

The Council of Ministers of the USSR served as the highest executive and administrative body of the Soviet state. It was responsible for the day-to-day management of the government, the implementation of laws passed by the Supreme Soviet, and the coordination of the various ministries that oversaw the planned economy and state administration.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, acting as the standing body of the legislature, held the authority to appoint procurators for various administrative units, including republics, territories, and regions. This mechanism allowed for efficient administrative control and ensured that high-ranking legal officials were appointed by a body capable of acting continuously between the plenary sessions of the full Supreme Soviet.

Under the current Russian Constitution, all citizens who have reached the age of 18 are granted the right to vote in federal, regional, and local elections. This standard age threshold is consistent with many democratic systems worldwide, ensuring that young adults are legally empowered to participate in the political life of the nation.

While Khrushchev initiated 'de-Stalinization' to distance his administration from Stalin's terror and purges, he largely maintained the Soviet Union's focus on heavy industry and a high military budget to compete with the United States during the Cold War. This continuity in defense spending remained a cornerstone of Soviet policy despite the shift in internal political rhetoric.

Under the Soviet constitution, the Council of Ministers was formally appointed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. This body served as the highest organ of state power, and its joint sessions were responsible for confirming the executive leadership of the government.

The statement that Stalin was not the immediate successor of Lenin is historically inaccurate, as Joseph Stalin consolidated power and became the de facto leader of the Soviet Union shortly after Lenin's death in 1924. The other statements are historically accurate: Lenin led the Bolsheviks, Gorbachev's reforms are often cited as a catalyst for the USSR's collapse, and Yeltsin was the first president of the Russian Federation.

Peter the Great engaged in the Great Northern War against Sweden to gain access to the Baltic Sea. The Treaty of Nystad in 1721 concluded the conflict, resulting in Sweden ceding significant Baltic territories, including Estonia and Livonia, to Russia. This victory was a turning point that transformed Russia into a major maritime power in Northern Europe.