Mathematics/General Ability MCQs
Topic Notes: Mathematics/General Ability
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
181
A reduction of 20% in the price of salt enabled a shopper to buy 4 kg more for Rs. 100. What is the reduced price of salt per kg?
Answer:
Rs. 5
20% of Rs. 100 is Rs. 20. The shopper buys 4 kg more with this Rs. 20. Therefore, the reduced price per kg = 20 / 4 = Rs. 5.
182
The cost price of two dozen apples is Rs. 300. After selling 18 apples at the rate of Rs. 15 each, the shopkeeper reduced the rate to Rs. 10 each. What is the total profit or loss?
Answer:
Rs. 30 profit
CP of 24 apples = Rs. 300. SP of 18 apples = 18 * 15 = 270. SP of the remaining 6 apples = 6 * 10 = 60. Total SP = 270 + 60 = 330. Profit = 330 - 300 = Rs. 30.
183
A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% on selling a book at a 10% discount on the printed price. The ratio of the cost price and printed price of the book is:
Answer:
45:56
Let Printed Price (MP) be 100. Discount = 10%, so SP = 90. Profit is 12%, so SP = 112% of CP. 1.12 * CP = 90 => CP = 90 / 1.12 = 9000 / 112 = 1125 / 14. Ratio of CP to MP = (1125 / 14) : 100 = 1125 : 1400. Dividing both by 25 gives 45 : 56.
184
If an article is sold at a gain of 5% instead of being sold at a loss of 5%, one gets Rs. 5 more. What is the cost price of the article?
Answer:
Rs. 50
Difference between 5% gain and 5% loss is 10% of CP. Therefore, 10% of CP = 5. CP = (5 / 10) * 100 = Rs. 50.
185
By selling 12 toffees for a rupee, a man loses 20%. How many for a rupee must he sell to get a gain of 20%?
Answer:
8
SP of 1 toffee = 1/12. At 20% loss, SP = 80% of CP. So, CP = (1/12) / 0.8 = 1/9.6. For 20% gain, new SP = 1.20 * CP = 1.20 * (1/9.6) = 1/8. This means he must sell 8 toffees for a rupee.
186
An article is sold at a loss of 10%. Had it been sold for Rs. 9 more, there would have been a gain of 12.5%. The cost price of the article is:
Answer:
Rs. 40
The change from a 10% loss to a 12.5% gain represents a total of 10% + 12.5% = 22.5% of CP. So, 22.5% of CP = 9. CP = (9 / 22.5) * 100 = 900 / 22.5 = Rs. 40.
187
A dealer marks his goods 20% above their cost price. He then allows some discount on it and makes a profit of 8%. Find the rate of discount.
Answer:
10%
Let CP = 100. MP = 120. Desired profit is 8%, so SP = 108. Discount given = MP - SP = 120 - 108 = 12. Discount % = (Discount / MP) * 100 = (12 / 120) * 100 = 10%.
188
A tradesman gives 4% discount on the marked price and gives 1 article free for buying every 15 articles and thus gains 35%. The marked price is above the cost price by:
Answer:
50%
Let CP of 1 article = 100. Total CP of 16 articles (15 sold + 1 free) = 1600. Total SP = 1600 * 1.35 = 2160. But he receives money for only 15 articles, so SP of each of the 15 articles = 2160 / 15 = 144. This SP is after a 4% discount on MP. So, 96% of MP = 144 => MP = 144 / 0.96 = 150. Since MP is 150 and CP is 100, the markup is 50%.
189
A grocer purchased 80 kg of sugar at Rs. 13.50 per kg and mixed it with 120 kg sugar at Rs. 16 per kg. At what rate should he sell the mixture to gain 16%?
Answer:
Rs. 17.40
Total Cost = (80 * 13.50) + (120 * 16) = 1080 + 1920 = 3000. Total quantity = 200 kg. CP per kg = 3000 / 200 = Rs. 15. For 16% profit, SP = 15 * 1.16 = Rs. 17.40 per kg.
190
A shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price, but he uses a false weight of 950g for a kg. What is his gain percent?
Answer:
5.26%
Error = 1000 - 950 = 50g. Gain % = (Error / True Value - Error) * 100 = (50 / 950) * 100 = (5 / 95) * 100 = (1 / 19) * 100 ≈ 5.26%.