General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
11
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?
Answer:
Right Atrium
The right atrium is the entry point for deoxygenated blood returning from the body. From here, it flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
12
The small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are:
Answer:
Villi
Villi, and the smaller microvilli on their surface, dramatically increase the absorptive area of the small intestine, allowing nutrients to quickly pass into the bloodstream or lacteals.
13
Which hormone is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes?
Answer:
Testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen responsible for the development of male primary and secondary sex characteristics and is essential for the production of sperm.
14
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Answer:
Filter metabolic waste from blood
The kidneys maintain homeostasis by regulating blood volume, pressure, and chemistry, while removing nitrogenous wastes (like urea and creatinine) to be excreted as urine.
15
Which organ system is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body?
Answer:
Circulatory (Cardiovascular)
The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is the body's primary delivery system, ensuring every cell receives the oxygen and nutrients it needs to survive.
16
In the respiratory system, the 'throat' is anatomically known as the:
Answer:
Pharynx
The pharynx is a muscular tube that serves as a common pathway for both air heading to the lungs and food heading to the stomach.
17
The hormone primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown is:
Answer:
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands. When blood calcium is low, PTH stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone and tells the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium from urine.
18
Which organ filters old and damaged red blood cells and stores platelets?
Answer:
Spleen
The spleen acts as a blood filter. It recycles iron from old erythrocytes and holds a reserve of blood, including platelets and white blood cells, to be used in case of injury or infection.
19
Which type of muscle is striated and under voluntary control?
Answer:
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones. They are called 'striated' because of their striped appearance under a microscope and are controlled consciously by the somatic nervous system.
20
What is the name of the 'c-shaped' cartilage rings that keep the trachea open?
Answer:
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage rings support the trachea, preventing it from collapsing during the pressure changes associated with breathing while remaining flexible enough to allow for movement.