General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
11
Which of the following is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation?
Answer:
Vitamin E
Vitamin E (tocopherol) sits within the fatty cell membranes, where it intercepts free radicals before they can damage the membrane's polyunsaturated fats.
12
What is the primary nutritional concern with 'Refined Grains' compared to 'Whole Grains'?
Answer:
They lose fiber and many B-vitamins during processing
Refining removes the bran and germ of the grain, stripping away most of the fiber, iron, and B-vitamins. While 'enrichment' adds some back, the fiber is lost permanently.
13
Which vitamin is also known as 'Biotin'?
Answer:
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B7 is biotin. It is famous for its role in hair and nail health and is a coenzyme for several carboxylase enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis.
14
Which of the following is a source of 'Essential Fatty Acids'?
Answer:
Chia seeds and fatty fish
Chia seeds are high in ALA (Omega-3), and fish like salmon provide EPA and DHA (Omega-3), all of which are vital for brain function and heart health.
15
Which condition is caused by a lack of the enzyme needed to digest the primary sugar in milk?
Answer:
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase. Undigested lactose fermented by gut bacteria causes gas, bloating, and diarrhea.
16
What is 'Negative Nitrogen Balance' an indicator of?
Answer:
Body protein breakdown (Catabolism)
A negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in, indicating that tissue is being broken down, often seen during severe illness, injury, or starvation.
17
Which food preservation method uses high-frequency radiation to kill pathogens?
Answer:
Irradiation
Food irradiation exposes food to ionizing radiation (like gamma rays). It effectively kills bacteria, insects, and parasites without making the food radioactive.
18
What is the primary mineral found in 'Bone Hydroxyapatite'?
Answer:
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium phosphate salts form the hydroxyapatite crystals that give bones and teeth their hardness and structural integrity.
19
Which vitamin deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide?
Answer:
Vitamin A
Severe Vitamin A deficiency leads to xerophthalmia (extreme dryness and scarring of the cornea), which can progress to total and permanent blindness.
20
Which of the following is a characteristic of 'Soluble Fiber'?
Answer:
Forms a gel in the GI tract and slows glucose absorption
Soluble fiber slows down the rate of digestion, which can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve satiety, in addition to its cholesterol-lowering effects.