General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
11
The Modern Periodic Law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their:
Answer:
Atomic number
Henry Moseley discovered that the atomic number (the number of protons) is the most fundamental property of an element. This corrected Mendeleev's earlier periodic law, which was based on atomic mass, and successfully resolved anomalies like the placement of isotopes.
12
The metallic character of elements _______ across a period.
Answer:
Decreases
As we move across a period, electronegativity and ionization energy increase. Atoms become less likely to lose electrons and more likely to gain them, resulting in a transition from metallic to non-metallic behavior.
13
The 'Oral Rehydration Solution' (ORS) is primarily used to treat the symptoms of which disease?
Answer:
Cholera
Cholera causes massive loss of water and electrolytes through severe diarrhea. ORS is a mixture of clean water, salt, and sugar that helps the body quickly reabsorb fluids and minerals, preventing fatal dehydration.
14
Which of the following is a fungal infection of the scalp that causes patches of hair loss?
Answer:
Ringworm of the scalp (Tinea capitis)
Tinea capitis is a fungal infection (ringworm) that specifically affects the scalp and hair shafts. It often causes itchy, scaly patches and can lead to brittle hair that breaks off, resulting in temporary bald spots.
15
Hepatitis A is a disease that affects which organ in the human body?
Answer:
Liver
Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A is a viral infection usually spread through contaminated food or water. It causes symptoms like jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, and abdominal pain.
16
Which type of bonding involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Answer:
Ionic
Ionic bonding occurs when an atom (usually a metal) loses electrons to another atom (usually a non-metal), resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions that attract each other electrostatically.
17
The most metallic element in the Periodic Table is:
Answer:
Cesium
Cesium (and Francium, though it is radioactive and rare) is the most metallic because it has the largest atomic radius and lowest ionization energy in its stable form, allowing it to lose its valence electron very easily.
18
The ionic radius of a cation is always _______ than its parent atom.
Answer:
Smaller
When an atom loses electrons to form a cation, the remaining electrons experience a stronger pull from the nucleus. Often, an entire outer shell is lost, significantly reducing the radius.
19
Which of the following is considered a 'non-communicable' condition that can result from a microbial infection?
Answer:
Rheumatic heart disease (following a strep throat infection)
While most infections are communicable (spread person-to-person), some lead to non-communicable complications. For example, an untreated bacterial 'strep throat' can trigger an autoimmune response leading to Rheumatic heart disease, which itself cannot be passed to others.
20
Which of the following is a waterborne disease that affects the digestive system?
Answer:
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It affects the intestinal tract and can spread to the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms like high fever and weakness.