Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
11
The total number of ordinary members in the Viceroy's Executive Council after the 1861 Act was:
Answer:
Five
It was five: Home, Revenue, Military, Law, and Finance. (Public Works was added later).
12
Who was the 'Law Member' added to the Viceroy's Council under the 1833 Act who became a full member under 1853 and continued in this structure?
Answer:
Macaulay
Macaulay was the first Law Member. By 1861, the position was a standard part of the executive council.
13
The Act of 1861 was significant because it associated Indians with:
Answer:
The work of Legislation
Its primary significance was associating the people of the land (Indians) with the work of legislation.
14
Which eminent Indian leader later criticized the councils formed under this Act as 'gilded shams'?
Answer:
Pherozeshah Mehta (in context of later developments)
Though the phrase is often associated with later critiques (1892/1909), the 1861 councils were the first of these powerless bodies that nationalists eventually criticized as shams or powerless durbars.
15
The 'official' majority in the Legislative Council was maintained to:
Answer:
Ensure Indians could not outvote the government
The official majority ensured that the Government could always pass its legislation despite the presence of non-official (Indian) members.
16
The Indian Councils Act 1861 is also referred to as the:
Answer:
First Indian Councils Act
It is the first in the series of Indian Councils Acts (followed by 1892 and 1909).
17
The power to alter the limits of provinces was given to whom by the 1861 Act?
Answer:
The Governor-General in Council
The Governor-General in Council was empowered to alter, modify, or adjust the limits of the provinces.
18
The Advocate-General was associated with which Provincial Councils under the 1861 Act?
Answer:
Bombay and Madras
The Act allowed the Governors of Bombay and Madras to nominate the Advocate-General of the Presidency to their Councils.
19
The additional members of the Provincial Legislative Councils were nominated by:
Answer:
The Governors / Lieutenant Governors
For the Provincial Councils (like Bombay and Madras), the additional members were nominated by the respective Governors.
20
Why is the 1861 Act considered a 'retrograde' step in some aspects compared to 1853?
Answer:
It reduced the independence of the Council and made it advisory
The 1853 Council had acted like a mini-parliament showing independence; the 1861 Act strictly limited its powers to prevent it from criticizing the administration, making it purely advisory.