Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
11
How many Nishan-e-Haider were awarded during the 1948 Kashmir War?
Answer:
One
Only one Nishan-e-Haider was awarded during the 1948 conflict. It was posthumously conferred upon Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed. Other awards for gallantry, like the Hilal-e-Jurat, were awarded to numerous other officers and soldiers.
12
The 'Treaty of Amritsar' (1846) is significant to Kashmir's history because it:
Answer:
Created the princely state by selling Kashmir to Gulab Singh
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the British East India Company and Gulab Singh of the Dogra dynasty. The British sold the Kashmir Valley to Gulab Singh for 7.5 million Nanakshahee rupees, creating the modern state of Jammu and Kashmir under Dogra rule.
13
Which Pakistani general was responsible for the 'Operation Venus' in the final stages of the war to counter Indian offensives in the Mendhar sector?
Answer:
Major General Loftus Tottenham
Major General Loftus Tottenham, a British officer in the Pakistan Army, planned and executed Operation Venus in December 1948. It was a successful counter-offensive using heavy artillery and infantry that halted the Indian advance toward Kotli and Bhimber just before the ceasefire.
14
What was the name of the pro-India militia formed by Sheikh Abdullah to resist the tribal invasion?
Answer:
National Home Guards
The National Home Guards (later known as the Salamti-i-Kashmir) were volunteers from the National Conference who took up arms alongside the Indian Army. They played a significant role in providing local intelligence and logistics to the Indian forces.
15
Which valley in northern Kashmir was the site of the famous 'Battle of Guraiz' in 1948?
Answer:
Guraiz Valley
The Battle of Guraiz took place in mid-1948 when Indian forces launched an offensive to capture the Guraiz Valley to prevent Pakistani infiltration into the Kashmir Valley from the north. The area remains a strategic point on the Line of Control today.
16
Who was the 'Supreme Commander' of both the Indian and Pakistani armies during the initial months of the war who tried to maintain a neutral stance?
Answer:
Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck
Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck served as the Supreme Commander of the Joint Defense Council until November 1947. His role was to oversee the division of military assets and ensure that British officers in both armies did not fight against each other.
17
What percentage of the population of Jammu and Kashmir was Muslim at the time of partition?
Answer:
Around 77%
According to the 1941 census, the princely state was approximately 77% Muslim. This demographic reality was the primary basis for Pakistan's claim to the territory under the principles of the partition of British India.
18
Which document did Maharaja Hari Singh sign on October 26, 1947, to finalize his state's merger with India?
Answer:
The Instrument of Accession
The Instrument of Accession was the legal document provided by the Indian Independence Act 1947. By signing it, the Maharaja surrendered control of defense, external affairs, and communications to the Indian government in exchange for military protection.
19
The tribal lashkars primarily entered Kashmir through which two towns in the West Punjab/NWFP border region?
Answer:
Muzaffarabad and Garhi Habibullah
The main axis of the tribal advance was along the Jhelum Valley road. They crossed the border at Kohala and Garhi Habibullah, quickly capturing Muzaffarabad and Domel before moving deeper into the valley toward Uri and Baramulla.
20
Which town in Azad Kashmir serves as the base for the pro-Pakistan radio station 'Sada-e-Kashmir' during the conflict?
Answer:
Trarkhel
Trarkhel, a small town in the Sudhanoti District of Azad Kashmir, served as the first capital of the AJK government and was the location from which 'Azad Kashmir Radio' (then Sada-e-Kashmir) began its broadcasts to mobilize the population.