Mathematics/General Ability MCQs
Topic Notes: Mathematics/General Ability
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
211
Two articles are sold for Rs. 9600 each. One is sold at a 20% profit and the other at a 20% loss. What is the total profit or loss in the transaction?
Answer:
Rs. 800 loss
When sold at same SP with x% profit and x% loss, total loss % = (x^2)/100 = 400/100 = 4% loss. Total SP = 9600 + 9600 = 19200. Since SP is 96% of CP (due to 4% loss), Total CP = 19200 / 0.96 = 20000. Total Loss = Total CP - Total SP = 20000 - 19200 = Rs. 800.
212
The marked price of an item is Rs. 800. A shopkeeper offers a discount of 15%. If he still makes a profit of 13.33%, find the cost price of the item.
Answer:
Rs. 600
MP = 800. Discount = 15%. SP = 85% of 800 = 680. He makes a profit of 13.33%, which is equivalent to the fraction 1/15. Wait, 13.33% is approx 13 1/3 % which is 40/300 = 2/15. No, 13.33% is 2/15? No, 33.33% is 1/3, 16.66% is 1/6. 13.33% is 40/3 %. So fraction is 2/15. SP = CP * (1 + 2/15) = CP * 17/15. So 17/15 * CP = 680 => CP = (680 * 15) / 17 = 40 * 15 = Rs. 600.
213
A sold a watch to B at 20% gain and B sold it to C at a loss of 10%. If C bought it for Rs. 216, at what price did A purchase it?
Answer:
Rs. 200
Let A's cost be x. A sells to B for 1.2x. B sells to C at a 10% loss, so SP for B = 0.9 * 1.2x = 1.08x. C pays 216, so 1.08x = 216 => x = 216 / 1.08 = 200. A paid Rs. 200.
214
A man buys oranges at 5 for Rs. 10 and sells them at 6 for Rs. 15. His profit percent is:
Answer:
25%
CP of 1 orange = 10 / 5 = Rs. 2. SP of 1 orange = 15 / 6 = Rs. 2.5. Profit = 2.5 - 2 = 0.5. Profit % = (0.5 / 2) * 100 = 25%.
215
A trader marks his goods such that he earns a 20% profit after allowing a 10% discount. If the cost price is Rs. 900, find the marked price.
Answer:
Rs. 1200
CP = 900. Desired SP for 20% profit = 900 * 1.20 = 1080. This SP is after a 10% discount, so 90% of MP = 1080 => MP = 1080 / 0.90 = Rs. 1200.
216
If the ratio of SP to CP is 5:4, then what is the profit or loss percent?
Answer:
25% profit
SP/CP = 5/4. Let SP = 5 and CP = 4. Profit = 5 - 4 = 1. Profit % = (Profit / CP) * 100 = (1 / 4) * 100 = 25% profit.
217
An article is sold for Rs. 300 at a profit of 20%. Had it been sold for Rs. 235, what would have been the loss percentage?
Answer:
6%
SP = 300, Profit = 20%. CP = 300 / 1.20 = 250. If new SP = 235, Loss = 250 - 235 = 15. Loss % = (15 / 250) * 100 = 6%.
218
A shopkeeper claims to sell goods at CP but uses a 960g weight for 1 kg. His gain percent is:
Answer:
4.16%
He saves 40g on every 960g he sells. Gain % = (Error / True Weight - Error) * 100 = (40 / 960) * 100 = (1 / 24) * 100 ≈ 4.16%.
219
A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a purchaser to obtain 4 kg more for Rs. 160. What is the reduced price per kg?
Answer:
Rs. 8
The 20% reduction on Rs. 160 is Rs. 32. This Rs. 32 allows him to buy the extra 4 kg. Therefore, the reduced price per kg = 32 / 4 = Rs. 8 per kg.
220
By selling 12 oranges for a rupee, a man loses 20%. How many for a rupee should he sell to gain 20%?
Answer:
8
SP of 1 orange = 1/12. This SP results in a 20% loss, meaning it is 80% of CP. So, 0.80 * CP = 1/12 => CP = 1 / (12 * 0.8) = 1 / 9.6. To gain 20%, new SP = 1.20 * CP = 1.20 * (1 / 9.6) = 1 / 8. Therefore, he should sell 8 oranges for a rupee.