AND, OR, and NOT are fundamental building blocks in digital electronics, specifically categorized as logic gates. These gates perform basic Boolean logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output. They are essential for all digital circuits, including microprocessors, memory units, and other complex digital systems. Multiplexers and Demultiplexers are more complex combinational circuits built using logic gates, used for data routing. Registers are sequential circuits used for storing data.

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a core component of the CPU responsible for performing all arithmetic operations (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and logical operations (such as comparisons like AND, OR, and NOT).

Compilers are primarily designed to translate source code into machine code. During this translation, they perform a lexical analysis, parsing, and semantic analysis. Syntax errors (Option A) are violations of the programming language's grammar rules (e.g., a missing semicolon or unmatched parentheses) and are always caught by the compiler. Compilers can also detect some basic semantic errors (e.g., type mismatches or undeclared variables). However, runtime errors (Option B) occur when the program is executing and are often related to external factors or invalid operations at that time (like division by zero or accessing an invalid memory location), which a compiler cannot foresee. Logical errors (Option C) occur when the program runs without crashing but produces incorrect results due to flaws in the program's algorithm or design. Since the code is syntactically correct and doesn't violate language rules in a way the compiler can identify, these errors are beyond the compiler's scope and typically require debugging by the programmer. Therefore, while some semantic checks are performed, compilers excel at catching syntax errors and cannot detect runtime or logical errors comprehensively.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing. Its two main components are the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs calculations and logical comparisons, and the Control Unit (CU), which directs and coordinates the computer's operations.

A computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs) is known as a multiprocessor system. Each processor can execute instructions independently, allowing for parallel processing and significantly improving the system's performance for complex tasks.

The operating system is required to initialize hardware and load software at boot time.

2048 locations require 11 address lines (2^11 = 2048).

Input devices, such as keyboards and scanners, convert user input into data the computer can process.

ROM chips retain data without power, so correct answer is A and C (RAM and DRAM). Since "All of the above" includes ROM, not correct. So better to pick RAM chips. (Note: The best choice is RAM chips.)

While several issues can cause reboots, processor overheating is a leading common cause.