General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
21
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood sugar by facilitating glucose entry into cells?
Answer:
Insulin
Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, acts like a 'key' that unlocks cells to allow glucose to enter, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen.
22
What is the main danger of 'Aflatoxins' in the diet?
Answer:
They are potent carcinogens found in moldy peanuts/grains
Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain molds (Aspergillus species). They are among the most carcinogenic substances known and are a major risk factor for liver cancer.
23
Which vitamin is an essential component of 'Coenzyme A' (CoA)?
Answer:
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Pantothenic acid is necessary for the synthesis of Coenzyme A, which plays a central role in the Krebs cycle and the metabolism of fatty acids.
24
Which mineral is most likely to be deficient in individuals with 'Pica' (craving for non-food items)?
Answer:
Iron
Pica—the urge to eat clay, ice, or dirt—is a classic clinical sign of iron deficiency anemia, though the physiological reason for the specific craving is not fully understood.
25
What is the function of 'Bile' in the digestion process?
Answer:
Emulsification of fats
Bile acts like a detergent. It breaks large fat globules into tiny droplets (emulsification), which increases the surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on.
26
Which B-vitamin is also known as 'Pyridoxine'?
Answer:
B6
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is essential for protein metabolism and the creation of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.
27
Which medical condition is treated by the 'Low-Purine Diet'?
Answer:
Gout
Purines are compounds found in foods like organ meats and seafood. They break down into uric acid; high levels of uric acid crystallize in joints, causing the painful condition known as gout.
28
What is the primary role of 'Prebiotics'?
Answer:
They are non-digestible fibers that feed beneficial gut bacteria
Prebiotics (like inulin or fructooligosaccharides) serve as 'food' for the healthy bacteria (probiotics) living in the colon, encouraging their growth and activity.
29
Which enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol?
Answer:
Lipase
Lipase is secreted primarily by the pancreas and works in the small intestine to digest fats after they have been emulsified by bile.
30
Which mineral works with Sodium to maintain fluid balance and is found in table salt?
Answer:
Chloride
Chloride is the major anion in the extracellular fluid. Together with the cation sodium, it regulates osmotic pressure and is essential for the production of stomach acid (HCl).