General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
21
Which antibody is specifically associated with 'Hashimoto's Thyroiditis'?
Answer:
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (Anti-TPO) Antibody
Anti-TPO antibodies are found in 90-95% of patients with Hashimoto's, the most common cause of hypothyroidism. TRAb is associated with Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism).
22
What is the characteristic 'CSF finding' in 'Guillain-Barré Syndrome'?
Answer:
Albuminocytologic dissociation (High protein, normal WBC)
Albuminocytologic dissociation is a hallmark of GBS. It refers to an isolated elevation of CSF protein without an accompanying increase in white blood cell count.
23
Which diagnostic test is the most sensitive for detecting a 'Stress Fracture'?
Answer:
Bone Scan or MRI
Standard X-rays are often negative for the first 2–3 weeks of a stress fracture. A bone scan or MRI can detect the increased metabolic activity or bone marrow edema much earlier.
24
Which condition presents with 'Cullen's Sign' (periumbilical ecchymosis)?
Answer:
Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Cullen's sign is superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus. It is a sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage, most classically seen in severe acute pancreatitis.
25
What is the primary diagnostic indicator for 'Hyperaldosteronism' (Conn's Syndrome)?
Answer:
Low Renin and High Aldosterone
In primary hyperaldosteronism, the adrenal gland produces too much aldosterone independently of the renin-angiotensin system. This excess aldosterone then suppresses renin production via feedback.
26
Which physical sign is indicative of 'hypocalcemia' and involves twitching of the facial muscles after tapping the facial nerve?
Answer:
Chvostek's Sign
Chvostek's sign is an abnormal reaction to the stimulation of the facial nerve. When the nerve is tapped in front of the ear, the facial muscles on the same side twitch, indicating low serum calcium levels.
27
Which test is used to evaluate the 'intrinsic pathway' of the coagulation cascade?
Answer:
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
The aPTT measures the integrity of the intrinsic and common pathways. It is used to monitor heparin therapy and screen for deficiencies in factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII.
28
In a patient with 'Thalassemia', what would you expect to see in the 'Iron Studies'?
Answer:
Normal or High Iron and Ferritin
Thalassemia is a disorder of globin synthesis, not iron deficiency. In fact, patients can often develop iron overload due to chronic hemolysis or frequent blood transfusions.
29
What is the 'Gold Standard' for the diagnosis of 'Endometriosis'?
Answer:
Laparoscopy with visualization and biopsy
While imaging can be suggestive, direct visualization of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus via laparoscopy is the only way to definitively diagnose endometriosis.
30
Which finding on a chest X-ray is classic for 'Congestive Heart Failure'?
Answer:
Kerley B lines
Kerley B lines are short, horizontal lines at the lung periphery representing fluid-filled interlobular septa due to pulmonary edema in heart failure. Other signs include cardiomegaly and pleural effusions.