General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
21
Which of the following is a common symptom of a 'Tetanus' infection?
Answer:
Lockjaw and muscle spasms
Tetanus toxin interferes with the nerves that control muscles. One of the first and most common symptoms is 'lockjaw' (trismus), where the jaw muscles become so stiff that the person cannot open their mouth or swallow.
22
Which microorganism is responsible for 'Pneumonia', an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs?
Answer:
Bacteria, viruses, or even fungi
Pneumonia is a general term for lung inflammation with fluid. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria (like Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses (like Influenza or RSV), and sometimes fungi in people with weak immune systems.
23
What is 'Passive Immunity'?
Answer:
Immunity provided by the injection of pre-formed antibodies
Passive immunity involves giving a person antibodies that were produced by another person or animal. It provides immediate protection but is temporary because the person's own immune system didn't learn how to make the antibodies themselves. Example: antibodies passed from mother to baby.
24
Which of the following is a classic symptom of 'Malaria'?
Answer:
Recurring high fever with chills and sweating
Malaria is known for its 'paroxysms'—cycles of intense cold (shivering/chills), followed by high fever, and finally intense sweating as the fever breaks. These cycles correspond to the parasite bursting out of red blood cells.
25
How does 'Active Immunity' develop in a person?
Answer:
By the body producing its own antibodies in response to an infection or vaccine
Active immunity occurs when the body's own immune system produces antibodies and memory cells after being exposed to a pathogen or a vaccine. This type of immunity is long-lasting because the body 'remembers' how to fight the specific pathogen.
26
Which of the following is a bacterial disease that causes a thick, gray coating in the throat, making it hard to breathe?
Answer:
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. The hallmark sign is a sheet of thick, gray material covering the back of the throat, which can block the airway. It is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, which also covers Tetanus and Pertussis (Whooping Cough).
27
What is the purpose of 'Disinfectants' in controlling the spread of disease?
Answer:
To kill pathogens on inanimate objects and surfaces
Disinfectants are chemical agents used on non-living surfaces (like floors, countertops, and medical equipment) to destroy microorganisms. They are generally too toxic to be used directly on human skin or tissue.
28
Which of the following terms refers to any microorganism that has the capability to cause a disease in its host?
Answer:
Pathogen
A pathogen is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. While many microorganisms are harmless or even beneficial to humans, pathogens have evolved specific mechanisms to invade the body, evade the immune system, and disrupt normal physiological functions.
29
Which of the following diseases is spread by the 'Aedes aegypti' mosquito?
Answer:
Dengue Fever
While the Anopheles mosquito transmits Malaria, the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector for viruses that cause Dengue Fever, Zika, and Yellow Fever. These mosquitoes typically bite during the day.
30
What is the main function of 'Antiseptics'?
Answer:
To kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue
Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection. Examples include rubbing alcohol or iodine used on a cut. Disinfectants are similar but are too harsh for skin and are used on objects.