Biology MCQs
Topic Notes: Biology
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
21
Which type of cells are primarily researched for their potential to repair or replace degenerating brain cells?
Answer:
embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they have the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, including various types of neurons. This property makes them a significant focus in regenerative medicine for treating neurodegenerative conditions where brain cells have been lost or damaged.
22
Which animal was the first to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell?
Answer:
Sheep
Dolly the sheep, born in 1996, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell. This breakthrough, achieved by researchers at the Roslin Institute, demonstrated that specialized adult cells could be reprogrammed to create an entire organism, fundamentally changing our understanding of developmental biology.
23
In which year was the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal derived from an adult somatic cell, publicly announced?
Answer:
1996
Dolly the sheep was cloned by Ian Wilmut and his team at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. The breakthrough was announced on February 23, 1996, and marked a significant milestone in genetic engineering and cloning technology, proving that specialized adult cells could be reprogrammed to create an entire organism.
24
Which type of cells are primarily targeted by embryonic stem cell therapy to address degenerative conditions?
Answer:
brain cells
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into any cell type in the body. Research into their therapeutic application focuses heavily on replacing damaged or degenerating brain cells, offering potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
25
What was the name of the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell by Ian Wilmut?
Answer:
dolly
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using the process of nuclear transfer. This landmark experiment was conducted by Ian Wilmut and his team at the Roslin Institute.