Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
21
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan was based on which form of government?
Answer:
Parliamentary
The 1956 Constitution established a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a President as the ceremonial head of state. It was modeled after the British Westminster system but adapted for a federal republic.
22
Which organization's status became a point of contention between the center and provinces regarding its regulatory authority over universities post-18th Amendment?
Answer:
Higher Education Commission (HEC)
The devolution of education led to a debate over the HEC's role. While the federal HEC maintained standards and funding, provinces like Punjab and Sindh established their own provincial HECs, leading to overlaps and legal challenges regarding jurisdictional authority.
23
What happens if there is a conflict between a Federal law and a Provincial law on a subject that was previously on the Concurrent List?
Answer:
The Federal law prevails (Article 143)
Under Article 143, if a provision of a Provincial law is repugnant to a Federal law which Parliament is competent to enact, the Federal law prevails and the Provincial law, to the extent of the repugnancy, is void. This ensures legal uniformity on national issues.
24
Which body has the power to decide on the distribution of 'Royalty on Natural Gas'?
Answer:
The Province where the gas is located
According to Article 161 of the Constitution, royalties and excise duty on natural gas are to be paid to the province in which the well-head of natural gas is situated. This is a crucial revenue stream for provinces like Balochistan and Sindh.
25
Which of the following describes the 'Bicameral' legislature established by the 1973 Constitution?
Answer:
National Assembly and Senate
A bicameral legislature consists of two houses. In Pakistan, these are the National Assembly (lower house, representing people based on population) and the Senate (upper house, representing the federating units with equal representation to ensure provincial parity).
26
Under the 18th Amendment, who is responsible for the curriculum and syllabus of schools?
Answer:
The Provincial Governments
The 18th Amendment devolved 'Education' to the provinces. This means provinces now have the exclusive authority to develop their own school curricula, textbooks, and educational standards, although national coordination still exists through various forums.
27
Which authority is responsible for collecting 'Customs Duties' in Pakistan?
Answer:
The Federal Government (FBR)
Customs duties remain a federal subject under the Federal Legislative List Part I. They are collected by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and form a significant part of the Divisible Pool distributed through the NFC.
28
The 18th Amendment changed the name of the 'North-West Frontier Province' (NWFP) to:
Answer:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
One of the symbolic aspects of the 18th Amendment was renaming the NWFP to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, fulfilling a long-standing demand of the people of the province for a name that reflected their ethnic and cultural identity.
29
Which province has often raised concerns about 'Net Hydel Profit' as a matter of provincial right under Article 161?
Answer:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa produces the bulk of Pakistan's hydroelectricity. Article 161 of the Constitution grants the province the right to receive Net Hydel Profits from the generation of electricity at hydroelectric stations located within the province.
30
How often does the Constitution require the President to constitute a National Finance Commission?
Answer:
Every five years
Article 160 of the 1973 Constitution mandates that the President shall, at intervals not exceeding five years, constitute a National Finance Commission to review the resource distribution formula.