General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
31
Which of the following is a waterborne disease that affects the digestive system?
Answer:
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It affects the intestinal tract and can spread to the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms like high fever and weakness.
32
What happens to the pressure of a gas if its temperature is increased while volume is held constant?
Answer:
It increases
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, pressure is directly proportional to Kelvin temperature at constant volume. Higher temperature means particles move faster and hit the walls harder and more frequently.
33
Which factor does NOT affect the ionization energy of an atom?
Answer:
Number of neutrons
Ionization energy depends on the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and electrons. While size, charge, and shielding affect this attraction, neutrons carry no charge and do not significantly influence ionization energy.
34
What is the causative agent of 'Typhoid fever'?
Answer:
Salmonella typhi (Bacterium)
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is characterized by high fever, headache, and abdominal pain. It is spread through contaminated food and water, often where sanitation is poor.
35
Edward Jenner is famous for creating the world's first vaccine. Which disease did his vaccine target using the cowpox virus?
Answer:
Smallpox
In 1796, Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox. He hypothesized that cowpox could protect against smallpox and successfully tested this on a young boy, marking the birth of modern vaccinology.
36
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus and primarily spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes?
Answer:
Influenza
Influenza (the flu) is caused by the influenza virus and is highly contagious via respiratory droplets. While Tuberculosis is also airborne, it is caused by a bacterium. Influenza viruses mutate frequently, which is why seasonal outbreaks occur.
37
What is the primary goal of 'quarantine' during a disease outbreak?
Answer:
To restrict the movement of people who may have been exposed to a pathogen
Quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick. This helps prevent the spread of the disease to others before the person even shows symptoms.
38
Which of the following describes the 'incubation period' of a disease?
Answer:
The time between infection and the appearance of the first symptoms
The incubation period is the 'silent' stage of an infection where the pathogen is multiplying within the host's body but hasn't yet caused enough damage or immune response to produce noticeable symptoms.
39
In the context of vaccination, what is 'Herd Immunity'?
Answer:
When a large portion of a community is immune, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely
Herd immunity (or community immunity) occurs when enough people are vaccinated that the pathogen has nowhere to go, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated (like newborns or the severely immunocompromised) by breaking the chain of transmission.
40
The d-block elements are found between groups:
Answer:
2 and 13
The d-block elements occupy the 'valley' of the Periodic Table, spanning from Group 3 to Group 12, situated between the s-block metals and the p-block representative elements.