Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
31
Which Nobel laureate and social reformer is recognized for her advocacy for girls' education globally, following a targeted attack in Swat?
Answer:
Malala Yousafzai
Malala Yousafzai became a global symbol of the struggle for girls' education and social reform after she survived an assassination attempt by the Taliban in 2012. Her advocacy, which began with an anonymous blog for the BBC, eventually led her to become the youngest-ever Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2014. Through the Malala Fund, she continues to work for the right of every girl to receive 12 years of free, safe, and quality education.
32
The 'Sindh Madrasatul Islam', which educated many founders of Pakistan including Jinnah, was established by which reformer?
Answer:
Hassan Ali Effendi
Hassan Ali Effendi, often called the 'Sir Syed of Sindh', founded the Sindh Madrasatul Islam in Karachi in 1885. He was inspired by the Aligarh Movement and aimed to provide the Muslims of Sindh with access to modern education and social uplift. The institution played a monumental role in the history of Pakistan, as Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was one of its most distinguished students.
33
Which religious leader of the Naqshbandi order is famous for his resistance against the 'Ahmadiyya' movement from his center in Golra Sharif?
Answer:
Pir Meher Ali Shah
Pir Meher Ali Shah was a prominent Sufi saint and scholar based in Golra Sharif (near Islamabad). He played a key role in the religious reform and intellectual defense of orthodox Islam in the early 20th century. He is particularly noted for his scholarly work 'Saif-e-Chishtiyai', in which he challenged the claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, consolidating the traditional belief in the Finality of Prophethood (Khatam-e-Nabuwwat).
34
Parveen Rehman, who was tragically assassinated in 2013, was a social reformer dedicated to urban development in which Karachi slum?
Answer:
Orangi Town
Parveen Rehman was an architect and the director of the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP). She spent decades working on low-cost sanitation, housing, and land rights for the residents of Orangi Town, one of the world's largest informal settlements. Her reformist work focused on empowering local communities to solve their own infrastructure problems, making her a target for land mafias who opposed her documentation of land ownership.
35
Who founded the 'Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam' in 1884 to protect Muslim orphans and promote Islamic and modern education in Lahore?
Answer:
Khalifa Hameed-ud-Din
Khalifa Hameed-ud-Din, along with a group of dedicated Muslims, founded the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam in Lahore during a period when Christian missionaries were very active. The organization established a network of schools, colleges, and orphanages (Yatim Khana) to ensure that Muslim children received an education that balanced religious values with modern knowledge, playing a vital role in the social preservation of the community in Punjab.
36
Shah Waliullah's most famous book, which explains the wisdom behind the Sharia and Islamic laws, is titled:
Answer:
Hujjatullah al-Baligha
Hujjatullah al-Baligha (The Conclusive Argument from God) is considered the magnum opus of Shah Waliullah. In this work, he synthesized theology, philosophy, and sociology to explain why Islamic laws are beneficial for human society. He argued that religious injunctions have a logical and psychological basis, providing a rational framework for the spiritual and social revival of the Muslim Ummah.
37
Which contemporary religious scholar is widely recognized for his social reform efforts through 'Bayans' emphasizing moral character and inter-sectarian harmony?
Answer:
Maulana Tariq Jameel
Maulana Tariq Jameel is a leading member of the Tableeghi Jamaat and one of the most influential religious figures in modern Pakistan. His reformist approach focuses on 'Akhlaq' (character), humility, and the love of God rather than political or legalistic debates. His efforts to reach out to celebrities, sportsmen, and politicians have made him a bridge between religious and secular segments of society, promoting a message of peace and personal reformation.
38
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as 'Bacha Khan', founded which non-violent social and political movement in the NWFP (now KPK)?
Answer:
Khudai Khidmatgar
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a Pashtun leader and social reformer who believed in the power of non-violence to transform society. In 1929, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God), which focused on social reform, education, and the elimination of blood feuds among Pashtuns. Known as the 'Frontier Gandhi', his legacy of simplicity and peace continues to influence social and political thought in Pakistan.
39
Which legendary lawyer and social activist co-founded the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) and spent her life defending marginalized groups?
Answer:
Asma Jahangir
Asma Jahangir was a fearless social reformer and human rights icon who challenged powerful institutions and extremist narratives in Pakistan. She dedicated her career to the rule of law, women's rights, and the protection of religious minorities. As a co-founder of HRCP and the first female President of the Supreme Court Bar Association, she received numerous international awards for her struggle for democracy and human dignity.
40
Dr. Israr Ahmed, a prominent religious reformer of the late 20th century, founded which organization to strive for the 'Islamic System' and Quranic education?
Answer:
Tanzeem-e-Islami
Dr. Israr Ahmed was a medical doctor who turned to Islamic scholarship, focusing on the central role of the Quran in individual and collective reform. He founded Tanzeem-e-Islami in 1975. His televised lectures on Quranic exegesis (Dars-e-Quran) reached millions, emphasizing the concept of 'Khilafah' and the need for Muslims to return to the core teachings of the Quran to regain their lost glory in the modern world.