Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
41
Under the Act of 1861, new Legislative Councils were established for Bengal, NWFP, and Punjab in which respective years?
Answer:
1862, 1866, 1897
Legislative councils were established in Bengal in 1862, North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) in 1866, and Punjab in 1897.
42
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 marks the beginning of which type of institutions in India?
Answer:
Representative institutions
It made a beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians with the law-making process for the first time.
43
What proportion of the additional members in the Legislative Council had to be non-officials?
Answer:
At least half
The Act specified that at least half of the additional members nominated to the council had to be non-officials (distinguished from official British servants).
44
The number of 'additional members' to be nominated to the Viceroy's Council for legislative purposes was fixed between:
Answer:
6 and 12
The Act provided that the Viceroy should nominate some additional members to his expanded council for legislative purposes, not less than six and not more than twelve.
45
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 added a fifth member to the Viceroy's Executive Council. This member was required to be:
Answer:
A jurist / legal expert
A fifth member was added to the Executive Council, who was to be a jurist (a gentleman of the legal profession).
46
What was the duration of the ordinances issued by the Viceroy under the Indian Councils Act of 1861?
Answer:
6 months
The Act empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency. The life of such an ordinance was six months.
47
Who among the following was NOT one of the three Indians nominated to the Legislative Council by Lord Canning in 1862?
Answer:
Dadabhai Naoroji
Lord Canning nominated three Indians: the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala, and Sir Dinkar Rao. Dadabhai Naoroji was not among them.
48
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 initiated the process of decentralization by restoring legislative powers to:
Answer:
Madras and Bombay
It restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies, reversing the centralizing tendency that started with the Regulating Act of 1773 and peaked with the Charter Act of 1833.
49
Which system was legally recognized by the Indian Councils Act of 1861?
Answer:
The Portfolio System
The Act gave statutory recognition to the 'Portfolio System' introduced by Lord Canning in 1859, where members of the Council were made in charge of specific departments.
50
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 was passed during the Viceroyalty of:
Answer:
Lord Canning
The Act was passed in 1861 when Lord Canning was the Viceroy of India. He had been the Governor-General during the 1857 revolt and became the first Viceroy under the 1858 Act.