Pakistan Studies/Affairs MCQs
Topic Notes: Pakistan Studies/Affairs
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
41
The 'Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal' (MMA) was an alliance of religious parties that formed a government in which province in 2002?
Answer:
North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
The MMA was an alliance of six religious parties that emerged as a major force in the 2002 elections during Musharraf's era. It formed the provincial government in NWFP (now KP) and was part of a coalition in Balochistan.
42
Which constitutional amendment removed the 58-2(b) power for the first time in 1997?
Answer:
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was passed during Nawaz Sharif's second term. It repealed the President's power to dissolve the National Assembly under Article 58-2(b), which had been used to dismiss four governments between 1988 and 1996.
43
The 'Charter of Democracy' (CoD) signed in 2006 between Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto aimed to prevent:
Answer:
Military intervention in politics
The Charter of Democracy (2006) was a landmark agreement signed in London. It pledged that neither the PPP nor the PML-N would support military coups or invite the military to topple the other's government, laying the foundation for the 18th Amendment.
44
The 'Islami Jamhoori Ittehad' (IJI) was formed in 1988 to contest elections against which political party?
Answer:
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)
The IJI was a 9-party right-wing alliance formed just before the 1988 elections. It was widely believed to be supported by the establishment to prevent Benazir Bhutto's PPP from gaining a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly.
45
Which alliance was formed in 1981 by various political parties to demand the end of General Zia-ul-Haq's martial law?
Answer:
Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD)
The MRD was a broad-based alliance led by the PPP that included several parties of the former PNA. It launched a significant civil disobedience movement in 1983, primarily in Sindh, demanding the restoration of the 1973 Constitution and the holding of free elections.
46
The 'Pakistan National Alliance' (PNA) was a 9-party alliance formed in 1977 primarily against whose government?
Answer:
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
The PNA was a coalition of nine religious and right-wing political parties formed in 1977. It launched the 'Nizam-e-Mustafa' movement against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's PPP, alleging massive rigging in the 1977 general elections, which eventually led to martial law.
47
Which constitutional amendment is known as the 'Legal Framework Order' of 1985 that restored the 1973 Constitution with major changes?
Answer:
8th Amendment
The 8th Amendment was passed during the presidency of General Zia-ul-Haq. It fundamentally altered the 1973 Constitution from a parliamentary to a semi-presidential system by introducing Article 58-2(b), allowing the President to dissolve the National Assembly.
48
The 'Bogra Formula' was a constitutional proposal aimed at resolving the deadlock between which two wings?
Answer:
East Pakistan and West Pakistan
Introduced by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra in 1953, the Bogra Formula proposed a bicameral legislature to balance the representation of East Pakistan (based on population) and West Pakistan (based on federating units), effectively breaking the constitutional deadlock of the early 1950s.
49
Which political alliance was formed in 1964 to support Fatima Jinnah in the presidential election against Ayub Khan?
Answer:
Combined Opposition Parties (COP)
The Combined Opposition Parties (COP) was a historic five-party alliance formed in 1964. It included the Council Muslim League, the Awami League, and the Jamaat-e-Islami, united by the common goal of ending Ayub Khan's presidential system and restoring parliamentary democracy.
50
The 'Objectives Resolution', which serves as the ground norm for all Pakistani constitutions, was passed in which year?
Answer:
1949
The Objectives Resolution was passed on March 12, 1949, under the leadership of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. It laid down the fundamental principles for the future constitution, merging Islamic values with democratic ideals, and has been a preamble to every constitution since.