In 2020, Pakistan released an updated political map that included Junagadh and Manavadar as part of its territory. These states had acceded to Pakistan in 1947 but were annexed by India shortly after. By including them in the map, Pakistan reaffirmed its legal claim over these territories based on the historical instruments of accession signed by their rulers.

The 850 MW Ratle project is a major point of contention. Pakistan has raised objections to its design, specifically regarding the storage capacity and the speed at which India can manipulate water levels. In 2023, the World Bank allowed the simultaneous processes of a Neutral Expert and a Court of Arbitration to address the Ratle and Kishanganga disputes, reflecting the high stakes of water diplomacy.

To curb smuggling and the unregulated flow of people, Pakistan strictly implemented the 'One Document Regime' in 2024. This ended the decades-old practice of allowing tribes to cross the border on local IDs. The policy is part of a broader strategy to document all individuals entering Pakistan to improve national security and formalize the economy.

The Indian government revoked Article 370, which granted special semi-autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories. Pakistan responded by suspending bilateral trade, expelling the Indian High Commissioner, and internationalizing the move as a violation of UN resolutions and the Simla Agreement. Restoration of trade remains linked to the reversal of this status by Islamabad as of 2025.

Following Iranian missile strikes in Panjgur, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched 'Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar' (Death to the Insurgents). The operation targeted hideouts of Baloch separatist groups in the Sistan-Baluchestan province of Iran. This marked a rare direct military exchange between the two neighbors, though both sides subsequently moved to de-escalate and normalize diplomatic ties.

The Durand Line was established in 1893 following an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan. While Pakistan inherited this as the legal international boundary in 1947, successive Afghan governments have contested its legitimacy. In recent years, Pakistan has fenced nearly 98% of the border to regulate movement and curb cross-border militancy.

Sir Creek is a disputed waterway in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. The disagreement centers on whether the boundary lies in the middle of the channel (Thalweg principle) or on the eastern bank as per a 1914 map. The resolution is critical because it determines the starting point for drawing maritime boundaries and the ownership of potential sub-sea oil and gas deposits in the Arabian Sea.

In 1984, the Indian Army launched Operation Meghdoot to occupy the strategic heights of the Siachen Glacier. Pakistan maintains a military presence on the lower ridges. The dispute stems from the fact that the 1949 and 1972 border agreements did not clearly demarcate the boundary beyond point NJ9842, leading to a permanent military standoff in extreme weather conditions.

The World Bank mediated the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) between President Ayub Khan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The treaty is one of the most successful examples of dispute resolution, partitioning the six rivers of the Indus system. However, technical disputes regarding hydroelectric projects like Kishanganga and Ratle continue to be discussed through the World Bank-appointed Neutral Experts and the Court of Arbitration.

Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947, to join India. Pakistan has historically disputed the validity of this document, arguing it was signed under duress and against the wishes of the Muslim-majority population. India maintains it as the sole legal basis for its sovereignty over the entire state, while Pakistan demands a plebiscite as per UN resolutions.