The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam MCQs
Topic Notes: The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
51
The board has approved the new policy.
Answer:
The new policy has been approved by the board.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Present Perfect Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The object 'the new policy' becomes the subject. Since it is singular, 'has' is used, followed by 'been' and the past participle 'approved'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.
52
We must listen to his words.
Answer:
His words must be listened to by us.
**Rule**: For sentences with modal verbs and phrasal verbs (verb + preposition), the passive structure is **Object + modal verb + be + V3 + preposition + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'his words' becomes the subject. The modal 'must' is followed by 'be'. The past participle 'listened' is used, and the preposition 'to' is correctly retained.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: The preposition 'to' is incorrectly omitted.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: 'should' is a different modal and changes the meaning from obligation to advice.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense and modal structure to Simple Past.
53
They found him guilty of murder.
Answer:
He was found guilty of murder by them.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Simple Past Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject**. The object complement ('guilty of murder') remains after the verb.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The object 'him' becomes the subject 'He'. The verb 'was found' is the correct passive form for the Simple Past Tense. The object complement 'guilty of murder' follows, and the agent 'by them' is included.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This is also grammatically correct, but it omits the agent 'by them'. Option (d) is a more complete transformation of the original sentence.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.
54
Why do you tell a lie?
Answer:
Why is a lie told by you?
**Rule**: For interrogative sentences in the Simple Present Tense starting with a 'Wh-' word, the passive structure is **Wh- word + is/am/are + object + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The 'Wh-' word 'Why' remains at the beginning. The object 'a lie' is singular, so 'is' is used. This is followed by the object and the past participle 'told'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This is not in the correct interrogative word order; the verb 'is' should come before the subject 'a lie'.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Continuous.
55
They will not announce the results before next week.
Answer:
The results will not be announced by them before next week.
**Rule**: To convert a Future Simple Tense sentence to passive voice, the structure is **Object + will/shall + not + be + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'the results' becomes the subject. 'will not be' is the correct passive verb form, followed by the past participle 'announced'. The agent 'by them' is correctly placed at the end.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This option incorrectly uses 'would' instead of 'will', changing the modal verb and the meaning.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This option incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This option incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect Tense.
56
A great man acknowledged me as a flatterer.
Answer:
I was acknowledged as a flatterer by a great man.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Simple Past Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject**. The complement 'as a flatterer' remains after the verb.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'me' becomes the subject 'I'. The verb form 'was acknowledged' is correct for the Simple Past. The complement 'as a flatterer' follows the verb.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
57
Why are you making such a noise?
Answer:
Why is such a noise being made by you?
**Rule**: For interrogative sentences in the Present Continuous Tense starting with a 'Wh-' word, the passive structure is **Wh- word + is/am/are + object + being + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The 'Wh-' word 'Why' remains at the beginning. The object 'such a noise' is singular, so 'is' is used. This is followed by the object, 'being', and the past participle 'made'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
58
They are considering your proposal.
Answer:
Your proposal is being considered by them.
**Rule**: For a Present Continuous Tense sentence, the passive structure is **Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'Your proposal' becomes the subject. Since it's singular, 'is' is used, followed by 'being' and the past participle 'considered'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This changes the tense to Present Perfect.
59
The cat drank all the milk.
Answer:
All the milk was drunk by the cat.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Simple Past Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'all the milk' becomes the subject. 'Milk' is an uncountable noun and takes a singular verb, so 'was' is used. The past participle of 'drink' is 'drunk'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
60
The police caught the thief.
Answer:
The thief was caught by the police.
**Rule**: A sentence in the Simple Past Tense is converted to passive voice using the structure: **Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the thief' becomes the subject. Since 'thief' is singular, 'was' is used, followed by the past participle of 'catch', which is 'caught'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.