General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
61
Osteomalacia is the adult equivalent of which childhood deficiency disease?
Answer:
Rickets
Both Rickets and Osteomalacia are characterized by impaired bone mineralization due to Vitamin D or calcium deficiency. In adults, this manifests as bone pain and increased fracture risk.
62
Which antioxidant is most abundant in citrus fruits and is known to enhance iron absorption?
Answer:
Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) acts as a reducing agent that converts non-heme iron into a more soluble and absorbable form in the digestive tract.
63
What is the primary role of Vitamin B12 in the nervous system?
Answer:
Maintenance of the myelin sheath
Vitamin B12 is essential for the synthesis of myelin, the insulating layer that surrounds nerves. Deficiency can lead to irreversible nerve damage and cognitive decline.
64
Which of the following is a symptom of 'Hyponatremia'?
Answer:
Muscle cramps, nausea, and confusion
Hyponatremia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood, often caused by overhydration. It leads to swelling of cells (including brain cells), resulting in neurological symptoms and physical distress.
65
What is the primary nutritional goal of the 'Low FODMAP' diet?
Answer:
Reducing symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
FODMAPs are fermentable carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine. A low-FODMAP diet helps identify and eliminate triggers for gas, bloating, and abdominal pain in IBS patients.
66
Which mineral is vital for muscle relaxation and is often found in nuts, seeds, and leafy greens?
Answer:
Magnesium
Magnesium acts as a natural calcium blocker, helping muscles relax after contraction. It is also involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the human body.
67
Excessive intake of which water-soluble vitamin can lead to 'flushing' of the skin and potential liver damage?
Answer:
Niacin (B3)
High doses of nicotinic acid (niacin) cause peripheral vasodilation, leading to the 'niacin flush.' Long-term megadoses can be hepatotoxic (harmful to the liver).
68
Which food group is the primary source of 'Heme Iron,' which is absorbed more efficiently than non-heme iron?
Answer:
Animal flesh (Meat, Poultry, Fish)
Heme iron is derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin in animal products. It has an absorption rate of 15-35%, whereas non-heme iron from plant sources is absorbed at a rate of only 2-20%.
69
The 'Ketogenic Diet' is characterized by a very high intake of which macronutrient?
Answer:
Fats
The keto diet involves consuming 70-80% of calories from fat, moderate protein, and very few carbs. This shifts the body's metabolism away from glucose and toward the burning of fats and ketones.
70
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Vitamin D acts more like a hormone than a vitamin; it increases the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins in the intestinal wall, allowing for the efficient uptake of dietary calcium.