General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
71
What does a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30.0 or higher generally indicate?
Answer:
Obese
BMI is calculated using weight and height. A range of 18.5-24.9 is normal, 25.0-29.9 is overweight, and 30.0 or above is classified as obese.
72
Which nutrient is the body's 'preferred' source of energy for the brain and central nervous system?
Answer:
Glucose
The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose for energy under normal conditions. It can use ketones during periods of prolonged fasting or very low carbohydrate intake, but glucose is the default.
73
Hyperkalemia refers to an abnormally high concentration of which mineral in the blood?
Answer:
Potassium
Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium. Since potassium is vital for heart rhythm, severe hyperkalemia is a medical emergency that can lead to fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
74
Which digestive enzyme, found in saliva, begins the breakdown of complex carbohydrates (starch)?
Answer:
Amylase
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) starts the chemical digestion of starch into simpler sugars like maltose while the food is still in the mouth.
75
The 'Mediterranean Diet' is famously associated with high consumption of which healthy fat source?
Answer:
Olive oil
The Mediterranean diet emphasizes monounsaturated fats, primarily from extra virgin olive oil. This diet is linked to lower rates of heart disease, stroke, and overall mortality.
76
Which of the following is a classic symptom of 'Beriberi,' caused by Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency?
Answer:
Muscle wasting and nerve damage
Beriberi is classified into 'dry' (affecting the nervous system) and 'wet' (affecting the heart). Thiamine is crucial for energy metabolism; without it, neurons and cardiac cells cannot function properly.
77
What is the recommended maximum percentage of total daily calories that should come from saturated fats according to many health organizations?
Answer:
10%
Most dietary guidelines, including those from the WHO and USDA, recommend limiting saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total daily calories to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
78
Rickets is a disease of bone softening in children caused by a deficiency of which nutrient?
Answer:
Calcium and Vitamin D
Rickets occurs when there is insufficient Vitamin D to facilitate calcium absorption. This results in weak, soft bones that can become deformed, leading to characteristic 'bowed legs' in children.
79
Which mineral is required for the proper functioning of insulin and the metabolism of glucose?
Answer:
Chromium
Chromium is a trace mineral that enhances the action of insulin. It is involved in the 'glucose tolerance factor,' helping cells effectively take up glucose from the bloodstream.
80
What is the main nutritional concern for someone following a strict vegan diet without supplementation?
Answer:
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods. Vegans must consume fortified foods or take supplements to prevent neurological damage and megaloblastic anemia.