General Science/Everyday Science MCQs
Topic Notes: General Science/Everyday Science
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
71
What is the primary cause of 'Gout'?
Answer:
Uric Acid accumulation
Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia, leading to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, most commonly the base of the big toe.
72
Which diagnostic finding is indicative of 'Iron Deficiency Anemia' on a peripheral blood smear?
Answer:
Microcytic, Hypochromic cells
In iron deficiency, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that are smaller than normal (microcytic) and paler than normal (hypochromic).
73
Which imaging technique is the preferred first-line screening for Gallstones?
Answer:
Abdominal Ultrasound
Ultrasound is the highly sensitive and specific first-line test for Cholelithiasis (gallstones). It is non-invasive, does not use radiation, and can easily identify stones within the gallbladder.
74
Which disease is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System?
Answer:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerves in the brain and spinal cord, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
75
Which blood test measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months?
Answer:
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
HbA1c measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it. Because red blood cells live for about 120 days, this test provides an average of glycemic control over the preceding 8–12 weeks.
76
The 'Tinel sign' and 'Phalen maneuver' are used in the diagnosis of which condition?
Answer:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tinel's sign (percussion over the median nerve) and Phalen's maneuver (forced flexion of the wrist) are provocative tests used to elicit tingling or numbness in patients with suspected Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
77
Which hormone deficiency is the cause of Diabetes Insipidus?
Answer:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Diabetes Insipidus occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough Antidiuretic Hormone (central DI) or the kidneys don't respond to it (nephrogenic DI), leading to excessive thirst and dilute urine.
78
Which hepatitis virus is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Answer:
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A and E are primarily spread through contaminated food and water (fecal-oral). Hepatitis B, C, and D are bloodborne pathogens transmitted through parenteral or sexual contact.
79
What is the primary use of the 'Apgar Score'?
Answer:
To assess the health of a newborn immediately after birth
The Apgar score is performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. It evaluates five criteria: Appearance (skin color), Pulse, Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration.
80
Which condition is characterized by 'Rice-water stools'?
Answer:
Cholera
Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, leads to massive watery diarrhea that resembles water in which rice has been washed. This is due to the cholera toxin's effect on the intestinal lining.