Islamic Studies/Islamiat (Competitive Exams) MCQs
Topic Notes: Islamic Studies/Islamiat (Competitive Exams)
<p>MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.</p>
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
71
What is Rukhsah?
Answer:
Legal concession due to hardship
Rukhsah means a dispensation, such as breaking fast due to illness or travel. It reflects Allah’s mercy and avoidance of hardship. It does not abolish the rule but suspends it in cases of necessity. It shows flexibility in Shariʿah.
72
What is ʿAzimah in legal theory?
Answer:
The original strict ruling of Shariʿah
ʿAzimah refers to the general rule without exceptions, e.g., fasting in Ramadan. It is the norm of the law. Only in exceptional cases may rukhsah apply. It reflects Shariʿah’s firmness.
73
Which of the following is Mubah?
Answer:
Eating lawful food
Mubah means permissible or neutral acts. They carry no reward or sin by themselves. Examples: eating, sleeping, traveling. They become praiseworthy if done with good intention. They show Islam’s balance between law and life.
74
What is Mandub?
Answer:
Recommended act
Mandub (also called sunnah or mustahabb) means an act that is encouraged but not obligatory. Performing it earns reward, but neglecting it carries no sin. Examples include voluntary prayers and charity beyond zakat. It promotes virtue and closeness to Allah.
75
What does Wajib mean in fiqh?
Answer:
Same as fard, obligatory act
In most madhhabs, fard and wajib are synonymous: both denote obligatory actions. In the Hanafi school, fard is based on definitive proof, while wajib on strong but not absolute proof. Both must be performed. Neglecting them leads to sin.
76
What is Fard in Islamic law?
Answer:
Obligatory duty whose denial is disbelief
Fard means a duty established by clear evidence. Examples: prayer, fasting Ramadan. Neglecting it is sinful, denying it is kufr. It forms the pillars of Islamic practice.
77
What is Makruh?
Answer:
Disliked but not sinful
Makruh means discouraged actions. Avoiding them earns reward, but committing them is not sinful. Example: eating garlic before prayer. It refines spiritual discipline.
78
What does Haram mean?
Answer:
Forbidden by Shariʿah
Haram refers to what is strictly prohibited by clear text. Engaging in it brings sin and punishment. Examples: adultery, theft, wine. Avoiding haram is core to taqwa.
79
What does Halal mean in fiqh?
Answer:
Permissible
Halal refers to what is lawful and permissible. It is the default state of things unless proven otherwise. It contrasts with haram (forbidden). Shariʿah guides Muslims toward halal in all aspects of life.
80
Who is known as the father of Maqasid al-Shariʿah theory?
Answer:
Imam Shatibi
Imam al-Shatibi systematized maqasid in al-Muwafaqat. He emphasized law’s purpose over literalism. He identified levels: necessities, needs, and embellishments. His theory revived dynamic ijtihad.