Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), often referred to by the trade name Freon, are stable, non-toxic compounds that were widely used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants. Their chemical stability allowed them to reach the stratosphere, where they contribute to ozone layer depletion, leading to their global phase-out under the Montreal Protocol.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable synthetic compounds that, when released into the atmosphere, eventually reach the stratosphere. There, they are broken down by ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms act as catalysts in a chemical reaction that destroys ozone molecules, leading to the thinning of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation.

The ozone layer located within the stratosphere acts as a protective shield by absorbing the majority of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Specifically, it filters out UVB rays, which are known to cause DNA damage, skin cancer, and cataracts in living organisms, thereby playing a critical role in maintaining biological health on Earth.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable synthetic compounds that, when released into the atmosphere, rise to the stratosphere. Upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, they release chlorine atoms, which act as catalysts to break down ozone (O3) molecules into oxygen. This catalytic cycle significantly reduces the concentration of ozone, leading to the formation of 'ozone holes' that allow more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.

The ozone layer, located primarily within the stratosphere, contains a high concentration of ozone molecules. These molecules effectively absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting living organisms on Earth from DNA damage.

Due to their proximity to the Antarctic ozone hole, regions such as New Zealand and parts of Australia experience higher levels of UV radiation. This increased exposure is linked to higher rates of skin damage and related health concerns in these populations.