Botany MCQs
Topic Notes: Botany
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
1
At what temperature is the embryo of a seed typically considered to be injured?
Answer:
54C
Thermal injury to plant embryos varies by species, but 54 degrees Celsius is often cited in agricultural studies as a critical threshold where protein denaturation and metabolic disruption lead to significant embryo damage in many common seeds.
2
Which category of plants is characterized by seeds containing a single cotyledon?
Answer:
Monocot
Monocotyledonous plants, or monocots, are a major group of flowering plants defined by the presence of a single embryonic seed leaf, known as a cotyledon. This feature is a primary taxonomic characteristic used to distinguish them from dicotyledonous plants, which possess two cotyledons. Monocots also typically exhibit parallel leaf venation and floral parts in multiples of three.
3
Which of the following terms describes a seed that possesses two embryonic leaves?
Answer:
Dicot
Dicotyledonous seeds, or dicots, are characterized by the presence of two cotyledons within the embryo. This is a primary taxonomic feature used to distinguish them from monocotyledons, which possess only a single cotyledon.
4
During seed germination, which part of the embryo develops into the shoot system of the plant?
Answer:
Shoot
The plumule is the embryonic shoot located above the cotyledons. During the process of germination, the plumule emerges and develops into the primary shoot system, which eventually produces the plant's stem and leaves.
5
Which components are typically found within a mature seed?
Answer:
All
A mature seed is a complex reproductive unit consisting of three primary parts: the embryo, which develops into the new plant; the stored food (endosperm or cotyledons) that provides nutrition during germination; and the seed coat (testa), which protects the internal structures from environmental stress.
6
What is the specific term for the embryonic shoot bud located at the tip of the epicotyl?
Answer:
Plumule
In the development of a seed embryo, the epicotyl is the region of the embryonic axis above the cotyledon attachment point. The terminal portion of this axis, which develops into the shoot system of the plant, is known as the plumule. It contains the shoot apical meristem and primordial leaves, which are essential for the plant's initial vegetative growth upon germination.
7
What is the term for a dormant embryo that is equipped with stored food reserves in either the endosperm or cotyledons?
Answer:
Seed
A seed is a mature, fertilized ovule containing an embryo and a food supply, protected by a seed coat. It represents a dormant stage that allows plants to survive unfavorable environmental conditions until germination is possible.