Botany MCQs
Topic Notes: Botany
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
1
Which bacterial species was utilized by Frederick Griffith in his landmark transformation experiments?
Answer:
streptococcus pneumoniae
Frederick Griffith conducted his famous 1928 experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae. By observing the transformation of non-virulent (rough) strains into virulent (smooth) strains in the presence of heat-killed virulent bacteria, he provided the first evidence of a 'transforming principle,' which was later identified as DNA, fundamentally changing our understanding of genetic inheritance.
2
Who is credited with the initial discovery of the process of transduction in bacteria?
Answer:
joshua lederberg
Transduction, the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus (bacteriophage), was first discovered by Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder in 1952. Their research using Salmonella typhimurium demonstrated that genetic material could be moved between bacterial cells via viral vectors, providing further insight into bacterial genetics and horizontal gene transfer.
3
What term describes the gradual change in organisms and gene frequencies over time?
Answer:
evolution
Biological evolution is defined as the change in the heritable characteristics or allele frequencies of a population over successive generations, driven by mechanisms like natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift.