E. V. Ramaswamy, popularly known as Periyar, founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. The movement was dedicated to promoting social equality, challenging the caste system, and advocating for the rights of non-Brahmins in South India, significantly influencing regional political discourse.

A Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is a private, non-profit entity that operates independently of government control. NGOs are crucial actors in global civil society, often focusing on humanitarian aid, human rights, environmental protection, and social advocacy. They are typically funded through private donations, grants, and membership fees, allowing them to pursue specific social or political objectives outside the state apparatus.

Rajni Kothari, a prominent Indian political scientist, coined the term 'non-party political formations' to describe grassroots social movements that operate outside the traditional party system. He argued that these movements represent a vital democratic space for citizens to address issues of social justice and rights, independent of the electoral and partisan machinery that often fails to represent marginalized voices effectively.

Local government is generally praised for its ability to address specific community needs, improve administrative efficiency through decentralization, and serve as a training ground for future political leaders. While critics might argue about costs, the claim that it is inherently 'expensive' is often debated, but in the context of political theory, it is not typically categorized as a 'merit' of the system.

The 1960s were characterized by significant social upheaval, including the Civil Rights Movement, the anti-Vietnam War protests, the second-wave feminist movement, and the rise of environmentalism. While religious and agricultural groups existed, they were not the primary drivers of the radical social movements that defined the political landscape of that decade.

The NAACP was founded in 1909, CORE in 1942, the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960, and the Black Panther Party in 1966. These organizations were pivotal in the struggle for racial equality and civil rights in the United States throughout the 20th century.

The question asks to identify an incorrect match. The provided answer 'Only 2' suggests that the second pair in the original source context was inaccurate. Jayaprakash Narayan is historically associated with the Total Revolution movement, whereas Gandhi is associated with Satyagraha, leading to potential confusion in historical attribution.

The Mau Mau Uprising, also known as the Mau Mau Rebellion, occurred in British Kenya between 1952 and 1960. It was a militant movement primarily led by the Kikuyu people against British colonial rule and the displacement of indigenous populations from their land. While it took place on the continent of Africa, Kenya is the specific nation-state where this historical movement occurred, making it the most accurate answer among the choices provided.

The 'India Against Corruption' movement was led by Anna Hazare (a-3). The 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' is famously associated with Medha Patkar (b-4). The 'Right to Information' movement was spearheaded by activists including Aruna Roy (c-1). The 'Bhartiya Kisan Union' was led by Mahendra Singh Tikait (d-2). These movements highlight the role of civil society and grassroots leadership in shaping the political landscape and advocating for policy reforms in India.

Social movements are organized efforts by a large group of people to bring about or resist social change. Unlike political parties, they generally do not seek to win elections or hold government office. Instead, they focus on raising awareness and advocating for specific policy changes, social reforms, or cultural shifts regarding particular issues.