A contract is discharged when the obligations created by it come to an end. This can occur through performance by the parties, mutual agreement to rescind or novate, or when performance becomes legally or physically impossible due to unforeseen circumstances. Since all these methods effectively terminate contractual obligations, option D is the correct answer.

When a party to a contract fails to perform their obligation as agreed, such as a singer failing to perform on scheduled nights, the other party is entitled to rescind the contract due to the breach of a material term.

The proximate cause is the primary, active, and efficient cause that sets in motion a chain of events leading to an injury. In this scenario, the fall from the horse is the direct, foreseeable event that resulted in the grave injury. While subsequent complications like pneumonia might occur, the legal focus remains on the initial act that directly caused the harm, establishing the chain of liability.

When a contract is breached, the law provides several remedies to the injured party. These include rescission (canceling the contract), claiming damages (monetary compensation for loss), specific performance (court-ordered fulfillment of the contract), injunctions, and quantum meruit. All these options are valid legal avenues depending on the nature of the breach.

Under the doctrine of frustration, if a contract becomes impossible to perform due to an unforeseen event after its formation, the contract becomes void. This means the parties are excused from their obligations because the underlying purpose or possibility of the contract has been destroyed.

Under the principles of breach of contract, the breaching party is liable for all damages that were reasonably foreseeable at the time the contract was made. Since Mr. A was aware of the contract between Mr. B and Mr. C, he is liable for the direct costs of rebuilding, the loss of rental income, and the consequential damages paid to Mr. C.

Specific performance is an equitable remedy where the court orders the breaching party to perform their contractual obligations. It is typically granted when monetary damages are inadequate, such as when the subject matter of the contract is unique or rare, making it impossible to obtain a substitute in the open market.

Under the law of contract, when a breach occurs, the party suffering the breach is entitled to receive compensation for the loss or damage naturally arising from the breach. This is intended to place the aggrieved party in the same financial position they would have occupied had the contract been performed as agreed.

Under the doctrine of frustration, a contract is discharged if performance becomes impossible due to unforeseen events. However, mere commercial hardship, such as an increase in costs or a decrease in profitability, does not make the contract impossible to perform. Therefore, it does not discharge the parties from their contractual obligations under the law.

When a breach of contract occurs, the non-breaching party is entitled to seek legal remedies to restore their position. The most common remedy is monetary compensation (damages) intended to place the aggrieved party in the position they would have occupied had the contract been performed. This is a civil remedy governed by contract law, distinct from criminal proceedings.