Immanuel Kant, in his 'Metaphysics of Morals', posited that property is an extension of the individual's personality and will. He argued that the right to own property is a necessary condition for human freedom and moral agency, as it allows individuals to exercise their autonomy over external objects in the physical world.

Kant argues that for an action to have true moral worth, it must be performed out of respect for the moral law, or 'duty' itself. Actions motivated by personal inclination, desire, or external consequences lack genuine moral content. The categorical imperative requires that one acts only according to maxims that one would wish to become universal laws, independent of personal gain or social approval.

Kant viewed property as a 'provisional' right in the state of nature that only becomes 'peremptory' or fully secured through the establishment of a civil state and legal system. He did not consider private property a pre-political natural right in the Lockean sense. Instead, he argued that property rights are contingent upon the existence of a public authority that can adjudicate and enforce these claims among individuals.

Immanuel Kant's 'Perpetual Peace' theory focuses on the 'pacific federation' of republics, commercial interdependence, and international law. While Kant argued that republican constitutions and international organizations (like a league of nations) promote peace, he did not explicitly theorize 'global civil society' as a primary constraint in the modern sense. Thus, option C is the least aligned with Kant's original philosophical framework regarding the prevention of war.

Immanuel Kant published 'Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch' in 1795. In this influential work, he outlines a series of conditions and principles necessary for establishing a lasting peace among nations, advocating for republican constitutions and a federation of free states to prevent the scourge of war.

Kant approached property through the lens of moral duty and the categorical imperative. He argued that property is not merely an absolute individual right but must be justified within a social framework. For Kant, the legitimacy of property is linked to its role in facilitating a stable, rational society where individuals can fulfill their needs and duties without infringing upon the freedom of others.

Immanuel Kant's philosophy emphasizes the intrinsic moral worth of individuals. He argued that property ownership is a fundamental right essential to individual autonomy and self-determination. By externalizing the will through property, individuals can exercise their freedom in the physical world, which aligns with the idealistic view that property is necessary for the development of the human personality.

Immanuel Kant is often cited for his ethical defense of individualism, rooted in his principle that every human being should be treated as an end in themselves, never merely as a means. This focus on individual autonomy and moral agency provides a foundational ethical argument for individual rights and dignity in political theory.

Kant viewed property as a juridical construct rather than a pre-political natural right. He argued that private property is only possible within a civil state where laws define and protect ownership. Therefore, labeling it a 'natural right' in the Lockean sense contradicts his specific legalistic framework, which emphasizes the necessity of the state to validate property claims through public law.

Immanuel Kant argues in his moral philosophy that for an action to have genuine moral worth, it must be performed not merely in accordance with duty, but specifically from the motive of duty. Actions driven by inclination, self-interest, or external approval lack the necessary moral character that defines the categorical imperative.