Tempering in the context of refrigeration and freezing refers to the process of adjusting the temperature of a product after the initial freezing phase. This helps in stabilizing the internal temperature and moisture distribution within the frozen material to ensure quality retention during storage.

The thermal conductivity of ice is significantly higher than that of liquid water. At 0°C, the thermal conductivity of ice is approximately 2.2 W/m·K, while liquid water is about 0.58 W/m·K. This means ice conducts heat roughly four times faster than liquid water. This property is critical in food processing, refrigeration, and environmental science, as it affects how quickly heat is transferred through frozen materials compared to liquid states.

A stubble-type mould board has a long, curved surface designed to turn the furrow slice completely over. This action results in thorough pulverization and inversion of the soil, which is ideal for burying crop residues and weeds.

Vertical suction is the downward inclination of the plough point, which allows the plough to penetrate the soil to a specific depth. By adjusting the vertical suction, the operator controls how deep the plough enters the ground. It is a critical design feature that ensures the implement maintains a consistent working depth during the tillage operation.

The size of a Mould Board plough is defined by the width of the furrow slice it cuts in a single pass. This measurement is taken from the landside to the edge of the share, representing the horizontal capacity of the implement.

The center of resistance in a mould board plough is the point where the resultant of all horizontal and vertical forces acting on the plough bottom is assumed to be concentrated. For standard mould board designs, this point is typically located at approximately three-fourths of the plough size from the share wing.

A large tilt angle on a mouldboard plough or similar implement helps in the inversion and scouring of soil. In sticky, non-scouring soils, a steeper tilt angle is necessary to ensure the soil slides off the surface of the implement, preventing clogging and improving the quality of the furrow slice.

Soft-centered steel is a specialized material consisting of a hard, wear-resistant outer layer and a tough, shock-absorbing inner core. This composition is ideal for the mouldboard component of a plough, as it must withstand significant abrasive forces from soil friction while resisting cracking or breakage from impacts with rocks or hard soil obstructions during tillage operations.

The size of a mould board plough is defined by the width of the furrow slice it cuts in a single pass. This measurement is determined by the horizontal distance from the landside to the edge of the share. It is a standard industry specification used to categorize the capacity and performance of the plough in field operations.

The disc angle in a disc plough is the angle at which the plane of the cutting edge of the disc is inclined to the direction of travel. A range of 42 to 45 degrees is standard for effective soil penetration and inversion during primary tillage operations.