The six official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Despite being a major world language, Portuguese is not officially recognized by the UN.

Arabic, along with Hebrew and Amharic, belongs to the Semitic branch, which originated in the Middle East. Turkish is a Turkic language, Farsi is Indo-Iranian, and Swahili is a Bantu (Niger-Congo) language.

Baghdad is called the 'City of Peace,' from its Arabic name 'Madinat al-Salam,' reflecting its historical founding ideal. Unlike Geneva, Hague, or Oslo, which are associated with peace but lack this specific name, Baghdad’s historical context defines the nickname.

Jabal-i-Tariq, meaning 'Mountain of Tariq,' was renamed Gibraltar in 1408, derived from its Arabic name, reflecting its strategic Mediterranean location.

Mecca was renamed Makkah on February 3, 1983, to align with Arabic pronunciation and transliteration standards, maintaining its religious significance.

Delhi, on the Yamuna River, faced 2025 concerns over its riverfront development, as noted in X posts. Agra is also on the Yamuna, Varanasi is on the Ganges, and Lucknow is on the Gomti, making Delhi the correct choice.

Baghdad, on the Tigris River, was selected for a 2025 study on sustainable urban development along its riverbanks, as per a web source. Mosul and Basra are on other rivers, and Erbil lacks a major river, making Baghdad the correct choice.

Budapest, split into Buda and Pest by the Danube River, is celebrated as one of the world’s most beautiful river cities in a 2025 X post. Debrecen, Szeged, and Pécs are not on the Danube, making Budapest the correct choice.

Hebrew is the primary official language, but Arabic is also legally recognized as a language with special status in Israel.

Persian, or Farsi, is the official language of Iran and is an Indo-European language, unlike the neighboring Semitic (Arabic) or Turkic languages.