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The MCQs below are drawn from the Business Administration subject category.
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45151
In the administration of the Vijayanagara Empire, what was the term for the revenue assignment granted to military chiefs in exchange for their service and maintenance of troops?
The *Amara-Nayaka* system was the military-feudal structure of the Vijayanagara Empire. The **Amara** was the territorial assignment (a grant of revenue) given to the military chief, or *Nayaka*, in return for maintaining troops and horses for the King, similar to the Mughal *Jagir* system.
45152
The **Nika Riots** of 532 AD, which threatened to overthrow Emperor Justinian I, were sparked by which groups in Constantinople?
The Nika Riots were massive and violent uprisings in Constantinople starting at the Hippodrome. They were initially protests by the two main chariot racing factions, the Blues and the Greens, against Justinian's administration, but quickly turned into a political revolt to depose him.
45153
The capital city of the Bahmani Sultanate, known for its strong defense and the famous *Madrasa* (Islamic college) of Mahmud Gawan, was originally located at:
The Bahmani Kingdom was founded in 1347 AD with Gulbarga (renamed Ahsanabad) as its capital. The capital was later shifted to Bidar. Gulbarga served as the center of the early Bahmani administration and culture for over 50 years.
45154
In the context of the Mughal administration, a **'Jagirdar'** was a person who was granted a *jagir* (a revenue assignment in lieu of a cash salary). What was he *not* allowed to do?
A Jagirdar was an assignee of land revenue, not the owner of the land. The *jagir* was a temporary assignment, theoretically transferable every few years to prevent the Jagirdars from becoming permanent, hereditary rulers of the assigned territory.
45155
In the Mughal administration, what did the term **'Zat'** refer to within the Mansabdari System?
The Mansabdari System had two components: **Zat** (personal rank, which determined the officer's status and personal salary) and **Sawar** (cavalry rank, which determined the number of horsemen and horses the officer had to maintain and pay for).
45156
What was the official language of the administration under the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire?
Persian was the primary language of administration, court, and high culture for both the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire in India, as it was the language of the ruling elite and the scholarly class.
45157
The **Mansabdari System** was a unique administrative and military system introduced by which Mughal Emperor?
The Mansabdari System was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix the rank of an officer (*mansabdar*), his salary, and the number of cavalrymen he was required to maintain (*zat* and *sawar* rank). It was a key innovation of Akbar's administration.
45158
The philosophy of **Legalism** in Ancient China, which advocated for strict laws and harsh punishments, was most influential during the reign of which dynasty?
**Legalism** was the official state ideology of the **Qin Dynasty** (221–206 BCE). Thinkers like Han Fei and Li Si championed this philosophy, which held that a strong government required absolute obedience to strict laws, harsh penalties, and a unified administration, regardless of the ruler's virtue.
45159
The **Assyrian Empire** was highly influential in the Near East and is particularly known for its:
The Neo-Assyrian Empire (c. 911–609 BCE) was the largest empire the world had seen up to that time. While known for its brutal warfare, its lasting legacy is its sophisticated and ruthless system of **imperial administration**, including the use of provincial governors, vast road networks, and forced resettlement of conquered peoples to maintain control over a large, diverse territory.
45160
Which civilization utilized the **Linear B** script, an early form of Greek, for palace administration and records?
**Linear B** is a syllabic script that was used for writing the earliest known form of the Greek language. It was primarily the administrative script of the **Mycenaean** civilization (c. 1450 BCE), found inscribed on clay tablets at palace sites like Knossos and Pylos.
