Haj Shariatullah founded the Farazi movement in the early 19th century in Bengal to reform Muslim religious practices and resist British colonial policies. The movement emphasized strict adherence to Islamic principles and mobilized rural Muslims against oppression.

Shah Abdul Qadir Dehlvi, a scholar from the early 19th century, is credited with the first complete Urdu translation of the Quran. His work made the Quran accessible to Urdu-speaking Muslims, significantly contributing to Islamic scholarship in the subcontinent.

In the 1945–46 elections, the Muslim League won 440 out of 495 Muslim-reserved seats in provincial legislatures, showcasing its dominance as the representative of Muslim interests and bolstering its demand for a separate Pakistan.

On 21st August 1945, Viceroy Lord Wavell announced general elections for the winter of 1945–46 to form provincial and central legislatures. These elections were crucial, as they demonstrated the Muslim League’s overwhelming support among Muslims, strengthening the demand for Pakistan.

During the 31st Session of the All-India Muslim League in Karachi (24th–26th December 1943), Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Muslims as a distinct nation, reinforcing the Two-Nation Theory and the demand for Pakistan amid intensifying political negotiations.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded and edited Tehzib-ul-Akhlaq, a journal launched in 1870 to promote social and educational reforms among Indian Muslims. It played a key role in the Aligarh Movement, encouraging modern education and rational thought.

Family is the primary institution where children first learn moral values, so option a is correct.

Personal matters are governed by individual ethics, meaning private choices and personal conscience control one’s personal behavior.

Allama Iqbal delivered his historic presidential address at Allahabad, where he articulated his political ideas for Muslims of India.

Separate electorates for Muslims were introduced in 1909, establishing separate voting rolls that year.