The Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed on March 23, 1940, by the All-India Muslim League, demanding a separate homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent.

Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, along with his brother Shaukat Ali, was a principal founder of the Khilafat Movement, which aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate and mobilize Indian Muslims against British policies.

Myanmar was the first foreign export customer of the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) / Chengdu Aerospace Corporation (CAC) JF-17 Thunder aircraft, signing a contract in 2015 and receiving its first batch in 2018 (followed by Nigeria and Azerbaijan).

Sultan Mehmed VI (Vahideddin) was the Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (reigning from July 1918 to November 1922) when the Khilafat Movement was launched in 1919 by Muslims of the Indian subcontinent to protect the institution of the Caliphate after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. (Abdul Mejid II was later appointed merely as ceremonial Caliph from 1922 until the abolition of the Caliphate in March 1924).

Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was established in Lahore in 1884 to promote education and welfare among Muslims.

The Simla Deputation, led by Aga Khan, met Viceroy Lord Minto in 1906 to demand separate electorates for Muslims. The original question and answer were correct.

In interviews and articles published in international outlets, notably the Manchester Guardian (in 1939–1940), Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah argued that Western-style parliamentary democracy was unsuitable for India because it operates on homogeneous populations, whereas India was home to two major distinct nations (Hindus and Muslims), meaning majoritarian democracy would result in permanent Hindu rule.

Chaudhry Rehmat Ali, who coined the name "Pakistan" in his 1933 pamphlet Now or Never, authored the book The Millat of Islam and the Menace of Indianism in 1940. In this work, he elaborated on the distinct socio-religious identity of Muslims in the subcontinent and advocated for separate Muslim sovereign entities (such as Pakistan, Bangistan, and Usmanistan).

Following the War of Independence of 1857, the British colonial government viewed the Muslims as the primary instigators of the uprising. Consequently, British officials and authors held them in deep suspicion and blamed them for disloyalty. To counter this narrative, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan authored Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind (The Causes of the Indian Revolt) in 1859 and published The Loyal Mohammedans of India (1860) to bridge the trust deficit between the British government and the Muslim community.