The Administrative Boundary Line (ABL) separates Ukraine-controlled territory from Russian-annexed Crimea since 2014. It is a de facto boundary, heavily militarized and disputed, as Ukraine and most nations do not recognize Russia’s annexation.

The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important oil transit choke point, with a significant percentage of the world's petroleum passing through it daily.

Dhahran recorded a heat index of 81°C (178°F) in 2003, one of the highest ever, due to extreme heat combined with the humidity from the Persian Gulf.

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically important strait connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.

The Persian Gulf, at 93,000 square miles, is in Asia, a geopolitically significant landmark, unlike Gulf of Honduras (North America).

Nowruz, the Persian New Year, is a major festival in Zoroastrianism, marking the spring equinox with celebrations of renewal, family gatherings, and traditional rituals.

Persian, or Farsi, is the official language of Iran. Unlike the neighboring Arabic, Persian is an Indo-European language, written in a Perso-Arabic script.

Tajik, a variety of Persian, is the official language of Tajikistan. Russian is also recognized as an official language for inter-ethnic communication.

Persian, known locally as Farsi, is the official language of Iran and the primary language of education and government. Arabic is the language of religion (Islam) but not the official state language.

The official languages of Afghanistan are Pashto and Dari (a variety of Persian). Both are Indo-European languages and are spoken by large segments of the population.