The sound pulse travels to the seabed and back, covering twice the depth (2d). Using the formula distance = speed × time, we have 2d = 1200 m/s × 2.5 s = 3000 m. Dividing by 2, the depth d is 1500 m.

A stethoscope functions by capturing sound waves produced by internal body organs, such as the heart or lungs. These sound vibrations are transmitted through the air column inside the rubber tubing to the earpieces. By minimizing the dispersion of these waves, the device allows the listener to hear faint internal sounds clearly, effectively acting as an acoustic amplifier.

The velocity of sound is determined by the elasticity and density of the medium. Solids have higher elastic moduli compared to liquids and gases, which allows sound waves to travel faster through them. Gases are the least dense and have the lowest elastic modulus, resulting in the slowest speed of sound. Thus, sound velocity is generally highest in solids and lowest in gases.

A pure sound consisting of a single frequency is defined as a tone. Amplitude refers to the intensity or loudness, pitch is the human perception of frequency, and wavelength is the spatial distance between consecutive wave cycles.

The relationship between speed (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ) is given by v = fλ. Since the speed of sound is constant in a given medium, wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency (λ = v/f). Therefore, the wave with the lowest frequency (100 Hz) will have the largest wavelength.

The amplitude of a sound wave corresponds to the maximum displacement of particles from their equilibrium position, which is directly related to the energy imparted to the source. A greater force applied to initiate the vibration results in a larger displacement, thereby producing a sound wave with higher amplitude, which the human ear perceives as increased loudness.

Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a physical medium, such as a gas, liquid, or solid, to propagate through the vibration of particles. Since a vacuum is devoid of matter, there are no particles to transmit the mechanical energy of the sound wave. Consequently, sound cannot travel through a vacuum, and its speed is effectively zero.

Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a material medium for propagation. It consists of mechanical energy transmitted through the vibration of particles in the medium. When these waves are absorbed by a medium, the kinetic energy of the particles can be converted into thermal energy, resulting in a slight heating effect.

Pitch is the subjective perception of the frequency of a sound wave. High-frequency sound waves are perceived as having a high pitch, while low-frequency sound waves are perceived as having a low pitch. While amplitude relates to loudness and timbre relates to the waveform, frequency is the fundamental physical property that dictates the pitch of a sound.

The frequency of a sound wave is determined by the rate of vibration of the source producing the sound. While the provided answer suggests amplitude, amplitude actually determines the loudness or intensity of the sound, not the frequency. Frequency is defined by the number of oscillations per second, which is independent of the wave's amplitude.