After transients die out, a sustained forced oscillation reaches a steady-state amplitude determined by the driving and damping, which remains constant in time.

Period T ∝ √L; to double T requires L to increase by factor 4, so length must be four times.

This is the definition of simple harmonic motion where acceleration is proportional and opposite to displacement.

Frequency ∝ sqrt(tension), so to quadruple frequency (200/50 = 4) tension must increase by 4^2 = 16 times; OCR marks 16 times.

Polarization is a property of transverse waves, so observation of polarization indicates light behaves as a transverse wave.

Transverse waves (like light) can be polarized, unlike longitudinal waves.

When an external periodic force acts on an oscillating system, the resulting motion is termed forced oscillation.

A simple pendulum has one independent coordinate (angular displacement), so it has one degree of freedom.

Small damping leads to a sharper resonance peak and hence a larger amplitude at resonance.

Sound in air propagates as longitudinal pressure waves where particle motion is parallel to propagation direction.