Stationary waves involve no net energy transport along the medium despite oscillations, so option D is correct.

Combine the sin and cos coefficients: amplitude = sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = 5 cm.

Using v ≈ 330 m/s and λ = 0.10 m gives f = v/λ ≈ 330/0.1 = 3300 Hz = 3.3 kilo cycles/s.

Circular polarization occurs when two perpendicular components of equal amplitude are out of phase by 90°, producing a rotating resultant.

A wavefront is the locus of points having the same phase or state of vibration in a wave.

The wavelength is the spatial distance between successive crests (or troughs) of a wave.

Shorter spring segments are stiffer; cutting into three equal parts increases the spring constant of each part to 3k.

Plane polarization means the electric (or vibration) vector oscillates in only one plane.

Huygens' principle holds that every point on a primary wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets, forming the new wavefront.

Polarizers such as Polaroid sheets produce polarization by selective absorption of one vibration component.