Circular polarization requires two orthogonal components of equal amplitude with a phase difference of 90°.

Superposition of two similar perpendicular harmonic motions generally produces a Lissajous figure which, for equal frequencies and phase differences, is an ellipse.

Wave speed on a string v = sqrt(T/μ) with T = mg = 19.6 N and μ = ρ·A ≈ 8920·π(2.4e-3)^2/4 ≈ 0.0403 kg/m gives v ≈ 22 m/s.

Frequency of a stretched string increases with tension (f ∝ √(Tension)).

Using identities, cos^2 term yields a constant and a cos(4πt) term; product with sin(1000t) gives components at 1000t and at 1000±4π frequencies, totaling three independent harmonics.

Using wave theory (Huygens' principle) reflection and refraction can be derived from wavefront considerations.

The standard term for time to complete one vibration is the time period (T).

In longitudinal waves particles oscillate back and forth parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Quanta of lattice vibrational modes in a solid are called phonons.

Plotting acceleration versus velocity for SHM yields an ellipse because both quantities are sinusoidal and phase-shifted.