Aristotle defined citizens as those who participate in the judicial and deliberative functions of the state. He explicitly excluded slaves, children, and resident aliens from citizenship because they lacked the capacity or status for such participation. The clergy, as a distinct social class, was not a category Aristotle used in his exclusionary criteria for citizenship in the Greek polis.

In Book XII of the Metaphysics, Aristotle categorizes substances into three types: sensible perishable substances (like plants and animals), sensible eternal substances (like the celestial bodies), and the immovable substance (the unmoved mover or divine intellect).

In 'The Poetics', Aristotle provides a systematic analysis of dramatic art. He focuses extensively on tragedy, defining its essential elements such as plot, character, and catharsis. While he touches upon epic poetry and mentions comedy, his primary objective is to explain the nature, function, and structure of tragedy as the highest form of poetic imitation.

Aristotle married Pythias, who was the niece and adopted daughter of Hermeias of Atarneus. Hermeias was a ruler in Asia Minor and a former student of Plato. This marriage connected Aristotle to the political circles of the time and influenced his later life and philosophical career before he became the tutor to Alexander the Great.

Aristotle famously argued in his 'Politics' that the state is a natural institution. He posited that the state evolved from the family to the village, and finally to the polis (state). This organic view suggests that the state is the final stage of human social development, necessary for achieving the 'good life' and human flourishing.

Aristotle believed that the state is not merely an association for economic survival but a community organized to facilitate the 'good life' (eudaimonia). He argued that the state is a natural institution that allows citizens to achieve their full potential and exercise virtue, which is the ultimate purpose of political association.

The term 'city-state' (polis) specifically describes the independent political units of ancient Greece, such as Athens and Sparta. These entities functioned as sovereign states, encompassing a central city and its surrounding territory, where citizens actively participated in governance, law-making, and the defense of their community, forming the foundation of Western political thought.

This famous quote is attributed to Aristotle in his work 'Politics.' Aristotle used this statement to illustrate his belief that human nature is inherently social and political. He argued that the Polis (city-state) is the only environment where humans can fully realize their potential, morality, and rationality. To exist outside of this political community is to be sub-human or superhuman, as one would lack the social structure necessary for human life.

Aristotle viewed the family as the foundational unit of the state. In his 'Politics', he argued that the family is the natural starting point for human association, which eventually expands into villages and finally the polis (city-state). By providing the basic necessities and initial social bonds, the family serves as the essential building block upon which the more complex structures of political society are constructed and sustained.

Aristotle was born in 384 BC in the city of Stagira, which was a Greek colony located in Chalcidice. His birthplace is often referenced in historical texts as Stagirus or Stagira. This geographical origin is significant as it distinguishes him from the Athenian-born philosophers like Plato, though he later moved to Athens to study at the Academy and eventually founded his own school, the Lyceum.