Amharic is the official language of Ethiopia, while its neighbors use a variety of languages, including Arabic, French, and Tigrinya.

Persian, known locally as Farsi, is the official language of Iran and the primary language of education and government. Arabic is the language of religion (Islam) but not the official state language.

The six official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. All major UN documents are translated into these six languages.

Standard Arabic is the official language of Algeria, alongside Tamazight (Berber). French is still widely used in administration and business due to colonial history but is not an official language at the national level. Tamazight is also an official language in Algeria.

While French is widely used in business, both Algeria and Morocco recognize both Modern Standard Arabic and the indigenous Berber language (Tamazight) as official languages.

Turkish is the official language of Turkey. It is a Turkic language and, since 1928, has been written exclusively using a modified Latin alphabet, replacing the former Ottoman Turkish script (Perso-Arabic).

An Abjad is a writing system where each character stands for a consonant, and the reader must supply the appropriate vowel sound (though some vowel markings exist). This is typical of Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew.

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and is written in an extended form of the Perso-Arabic script known as Nastaliq. It is mutually intelligible with Hindi, but they differ primarily in script and formal vocabulary.

The six official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Despite being a major world language, Portuguese is not officially recognized by the UN.

Arabic, along with Hebrew and Amharic, belongs to the Semitic branch, which originated in the Middle East. Turkish is a Turkic language, Farsi is Indo-Iranian, and Swahili is a Bantu (Niger-Congo) language.