Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam because it is the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims must perform once if they are physically and financially able.

Tiktok was launched in 2016, so the correct year is 2016.

Abu Sufyan — he led the Quraysh forces opposing the Muslims at the Battle of Uhud, so Abu Sufyan fits as the commander of the infidels in that battle.

Quaid-e-Azam resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1920, the year he formally left the party to pursue separate political work for Muslims.

44 million is correct because the 2016 estimates counted about 44 million kangaroos in Australia compared with 24 million residents.

Duplicate of Q35. Violence in Kolkata (Guha).

Direct Action Day sparked widespread violence in Kolkata (Calcutta), per historical accounts (e.g., Guha, “India After Gandhi”).

The Charter of Medina (Mithaq al-Madina), drafted in 622 CE, established civic rights, common defense, and judicial authority among Muslims and Jewish tribes in Madina.

The funeral prayer is a collective communal obligation (Fard al-Kifayah); if a group of Muslims performs it, the obligation is discharged for the entire community.

The 2016 Summer Olympics were awarded to and subsequently held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [2, p21]. The International Olympic Committee made this decision in October 2009, making Rio de Janeiro the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics.